Oxygen Isotope Systematics

  1. Advanced Topics and Emerging Applications
    1. Triple Oxygen Isotope Systematics
      1. Mass-Independent Fractionation
        1. Definition and Mechanisms
          1. Atmospheric Processes
            1. Ozone Formation
              1. Photochemical Reactions
                1. Stratospheric Chemistry
              2. Δ¹⁷O Parameter
                1. Definition and Calculation
                  1. Measurement Techniques
                    1. Analytical Challenges
                    2. Applications
                      1. Atmospheric Process Tracing
                        1. Hydrologic Cycle Studies
                          1. Paleoclimate Reconstruction
                            1. Extraterrestrial Materials
                          2. High-Resolution Techniques
                            1. Micro-Analytical Methods
                              1. Ion Microprobe (SIMS)
                                1. Laser Ablation
                                  1. Spatial Resolution
                                    1. In-Situ Analysis
                                    2. Clumped Isotope Thermometry
                                      1. Theoretical Basis
                                        1. Analytical Methods
                                          1. Temperature Applications
                                            1. Advantages and Limitations
                                          2. Analytical Challenges and Solutions
                                            1. Precision Requirements
                                              1. Instrumental Developments
                                                1. Sample Size Reduction
                                                  1. Automation Advances
                                                  2. Standardization Issues
                                                    1. Reference Material Development
                                                      1. Inter-Laboratory Comparisons
                                                        1. Traceability Chains
                                                        2. Matrix Effects
                                                          1. Sample-Specific Biases
                                                            1. Correction Methods
                                                              1. Quality Control
                                                            2. Complicating Factors
                                                              1. Diagenetic Alteration
                                                                1. Recognition Criteria
                                                                  1. Alteration Mechanisms
                                                                    1. Correction Strategies
                                                                      1. Preservation Assessment
                                                                      2. Vital Effects
                                                                        1. Biological Fractionation
                                                                          1. Species-Specific Effects
                                                                            1. Environmental Controls
                                                                              1. Correction Methods
                                                                              2. Contamination Issues
                                                                                1. Sample Collection
                                                                                  1. Laboratory Handling
                                                                                    1. Analytical Procedures
                                                                                      1. Quality Assurance
                                                                                    2. Future Directions
                                                                                      1. Technological Advances
                                                                                        1. New Applications
                                                                                          1. Integration with Other Proxies
                                                                                            1. Modeling Developments

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                                                                                          8. Biological and Ecological Applications

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                                                                                          1. Fundamentals of Stable Isotope Geochemistry