Nuclear Safety and Waste Management

  1. Decommissioning of Nuclear Facilities
    1. Decommissioning Overview
      1. Decommissioning Definition
        1. Regulatory Framework
          1. Planning Requirements
          2. Decommissioning Strategies
            1. Strategy Selection Factors
              1. Radiological Considerations
                1. Economic Factors
                  1. Social Factors
                  2. Immediate Dismantling (DECON)
                    1. Immediate Decontamination
                      1. Prompt Dismantling
                        1. Site Release
                        2. Safe Enclosure (SAFSTOR)
                          1. Safe Storage Period
                            1. Delayed Dismantling
                              1. Surveillance and Maintenance
                              2. Entombment (ENTOMB)
                                1. In-Situ Disposal
                                  1. Long-Term Isolation
                                    1. Institutional Control
                                  2. Decommissioning Process
                                    1. Pre-Decommissioning Activities
                                      1. Characterization Studies
                                        1. Decommissioning Plan
                                          1. Regulatory Approval
                                          2. Planning and Cost Estimation
                                            1. Project Planning
                                              1. Work Breakdown Structure
                                                1. Schedule Development
                                                2. Regulatory Approval
                                                  1. License Amendment
                                                    1. Environmental Review
                                                    2. Financial Assurance
                                                      1. Decommissioning Fund
                                                        1. Cost Estimation
                                                      2. Decontamination and Dismantling
                                                        1. Decontamination Techniques
                                                          1. Chemical Decontamination
                                                            1. Mechanical Decontamination
                                                              1. Electrochemical Decontamination
                                                              2. Dismantling Methods
                                                                1. Mechanical Cutting
                                                                  1. Thermal Cutting
                                                                    1. Remote Dismantling
                                                                    2. Waste Segregation and Packaging
                                                                      1. Waste Sorting
                                                                        1. Volume Reduction
                                                                          1. Packaging for Disposal
                                                                        2. Site Remediation and Release
                                                                          1. Environmental Monitoring
                                                                            1. Soil Sampling
                                                                              1. Groundwater Monitoring
                                                                                1. Air Monitoring
                                                                                2. Site Survey and Clearance
                                                                                  1. Radiological Surveys
                                                                                    1. Clearance Criteria
                                                                                    2. Final Status Survey
                                                                                      1. Survey Design
                                                                                        1. Data Quality Objectives
                                                                                          1. Statistical Analysis
                                                                                      2. Decommissioning Waste Management
                                                                                        1. Waste Characterization
                                                                                          1. Waste Treatment
                                                                                            1. Waste Disposal

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                                                                                          6. Long-Term Disposal of Nuclear Waste

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                                                                                          8. Regulatory and International Framework