Nuclear Safety and Waste Management

  1. Reactor Safety Design and Engineering
    1. Nuclear Reactor Fundamentals
      1. Nuclear Chain Reaction
        1. Criticality Conditions
          1. Multiplication Factor
          2. Reactor Physics Basics
            1. Neutron Life Cycle
              1. Reactivity Control
              2. Heat Generation and Removal
                1. Fission Heat Generation
                  1. Heat Transfer Principles
                2. Reactor Types and Safety Characteristics
                  1. Light Water Reactors
                    1. Pressurized Water Reactors (PWR)
                      1. Design Features
                        1. Primary Circuit Design
                          1. Steam Generator Design
                          2. Safety Systems
                            1. Emergency Core Cooling
                              1. Containment Systems
                              2. Safety Characteristics
                                1. Negative Temperature Coefficient
                                  1. Inherent Safety Features
                                2. Boiling Water Reactors (BWR)
                                  1. Design Features
                                    1. Direct Cycle Design
                                      1. Reactor Pressure Vessel
                                      2. Safety Systems
                                        1. Emergency Core Cooling
                                          1. Containment Systems
                                          2. Safety Characteristics
                                            1. Void Reactivity Coefficient
                                              1. Natural Circulation
                                          3. Heavy Water Reactors
                                            1. CANDU Reactors
                                              1. Heavy Water Moderation
                                                1. Neutron Economy
                                                  1. Natural Uranium Fuel
                                                  2. Unique Safety Features
                                                    1. On-Power Refueling
                                                      1. Multiple Shutdown Systems
                                                      2. Pressure Tube Design
                                                        1. Fuel Channel Assembly
                                                          1. Calandria Structure
                                                      3. Advanced Reactor Designs
                                                        1. Generation III+ Reactors
                                                          1. Enhanced Safety Features
                                                            1. Simplified Systems
                                                            2. Small Modular Reactors (SMRs)
                                                              1. Passive Safety Features
                                                                1. Natural Circulation
                                                                  1. Gravity-Fed Systems
                                                                  2. Modular Construction
                                                                    1. Factory Fabrication
                                                                      1. Standardized Design
                                                                    2. Generation IV Concepts
                                                                      1. Advanced Safety Goals
                                                                        1. Innovative Technologies
                                                                    3. Reactor Protection Systems (RPS)
                                                                      1. System Functions
                                                                        1. Reactor Trip Initiation
                                                                          1. Safety System Actuation
                                                                          2. Neutron Monitoring
                                                                            1. Detector Types
                                                                              1. Fission Chambers
                                                                                1. Ion Chambers
                                                                                  1. Self-Powered Neutron Detectors
                                                                                  2. Signal Processing
                                                                                    1. Amplification
                                                                                      1. Discrimination
                                                                                      2. Monitoring Ranges
                                                                                        1. Source Range
                                                                                          1. Intermediate Range
                                                                                            1. Power Range
                                                                                          2. Reactor Trip (SCRAM) Systems
                                                                                            1. Trip Logic
                                                                                              1. Two-out-of-Four Logic
                                                                                                1. Coincidence Requirements
                                                                                                2. Actuation Devices
                                                                                                  1. Control Rod Drive Mechanisms
                                                                                                    1. Scram Breakers
                                                                                                    2. Trip Parameters
                                                                                                      1. High Neutron Flux
                                                                                                        1. High Pressure
                                                                                                          1. Low Water Level
                                                                                                        2. Actuation Logic
                                                                                                          1. Redundancy and Diversity
                                                                                                            1. Multiple Channels
                                                                                                              1. Different Technologies
                                                                                                              2. Fail-Safe Design
                                                                                                                1. De-energize to Trip
                                                                                                                  1. Single Failure Criteria
                                                                                                                  2. Testing and Surveillance
                                                                                                                    1. Channel Testing
                                                                                                                      1. Logic Testing
                                                                                                                  3. Engineered Safety Features (ESF)
                                                                                                                    1. Emergency Core Cooling Systems (ECCS)
                                                                                                                      1. System Functions
                                                                                                                        1. Core Cooling
                                                                                                                          1. Inventory Makeup
                                                                                                                          2. High-Pressure Coolant Injection
                                                                                                                            1. System Design
                                                                                                                              1. Pump Characteristics
                                                                                                                              2. Low-Pressure Coolant Injection
                                                                                                                                1. System Design
                                                                                                                                  1. Heat Exchangers
                                                                                                                                  2. Core Spray Systems
                                                                                                                                    1. Spray Distribution
                                                                                                                                      1. Heat Removal Capability
                                                                                                                                      2. Accumulators
                                                                                                                                        1. Passive Injection
                                                                                                                                          1. Nitrogen Pressurization
                                                                                                                                        2. Containment Systems
                                                                                                                                          1. Containment Building Design and Integrity
                                                                                                                                            1. Structural Design
                                                                                                                                              1. Leak Tightness
                                                                                                                                                1. Design Pressure
                                                                                                                                                2. Pressure Suppression Systems
                                                                                                                                                  1. Ice Condensers
                                                                                                                                                    1. Ice Bed Design
                                                                                                                                                      1. Steam Condensation
                                                                                                                                                      2. Suppression Pools
                                                                                                                                                        1. Pool Design
                                                                                                                                                          1. Vent Systems
                                                                                                                                                        2. Containment Isolation Systems
                                                                                                                                                          1. Isolation Valves
                                                                                                                                                            1. Penetration Seals
                                                                                                                                                              1. Automatic Isolation
                                                                                                                                                              2. Combustible Gas Control Systems
                                                                                                                                                                1. Hydrogen Recombiner Systems
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Catalytic Recombiners
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Thermal Recombiners
                                                                                                                                                                    2. Inerting Systems
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Nitrogen Inerting
                                                                                                                                                                        1. Oxygen Control
                                                                                                                                                                      2. Containment Spray Systems
                                                                                                                                                                        1. Spray Distribution
                                                                                                                                                                          1. Chemical Addition
                                                                                                                                                                        2. Essential Service Water and Power Systems
                                                                                                                                                                          1. Emergency Diesel Generators
                                                                                                                                                                            1. Diesel Engine Systems
                                                                                                                                                                              1. Generator Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                1. Fuel Oil Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                2. Battery Backup Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                  1. DC Power Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Battery Sizing
                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Charger Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Alternate Power Supplies
                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Gas Turbines
                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Portable Generators
                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Grid Connections
                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Passive Safety Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Principles of Passive Safety
                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Natural Forces Utilization
                                                                                                                                                                                              1. No External Power Required
                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Natural Circulation
                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Thermosiphon Effect
                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Density Differences
                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Flow Patterns
                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Design Considerations
                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Loop Geometry
                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Heat Sink Requirements
                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Gravity-Fed Cooling
                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Elevated Water Reservoirs
                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Tank Design
                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Flow Control
                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Gravity Drain Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Sump Design
                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Flow Paths
                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Pressure-Relief Valves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Overpressure Protection
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Set Pressure
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Relief Capacity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Automatic and Manual Operation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Spring-Loaded Valves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Pilot-Operated Valves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Passive Heat Removal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Heat Exchangers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Air-Cooled Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Pool Cooling
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Ultimate Heat Sink
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Atmosphere as Heat Sink
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Large Water Bodies

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Principles of Nuclear Safety

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                          4. Operational Safety and Accident Analysis