Modern and Contemporary Architecture

  1. Postmodernism and Pluralistic Movements (1960s-1990s)
    1. Postmodern Architecture
      1. Theoretical Foundations
        1. Robert Venturi's "Complexity and Contradiction"
          1. "Less is a bore"
            1. Both-And Philosophy
              1. Ordinary and Ugly
              2. Charles Jencks's Criticism
                1. "The Language of Post-Modern Architecture"
                  1. Death of Modern Architecture
                    1. Architectural Semiotics
                  2. Design Characteristics
                    1. Return of Ornament and Decoration
                      1. Historical Reference and Quotation
                        1. Symbolism and Meaning
                          1. Contextual Response
                            1. Playfulness and Irony
                              1. Pluralism in Style
                              2. Key Figures and Works
                                1. Robert Venturi
                                  1. Vanna Venturi House
                                    1. Guild House
                                      1. Sainsbury Wing
                                      2. Michael Graves
                                        1. Portland Building
                                          1. Disney Hotels
                                            1. Product Design
                                            2. Philip Johnson
                                              1. AT&T Building
                                                1. Postmodern Turn
                                                2. Charles Moore
                                                  1. Piazza d'Italia
                                                    1. Sea Ranch
                                                    2. Aldo Rossi
                                                      1. Architecture of the City
                                                        1. San Cataldo Cemetery
                                                      2. Regional Variations
                                                        1. American Postmodernism
                                                          1. European Postmodernism
                                                            1. Japanese Postmodernism
                                                          2. High-Tech Architecture
                                                            1. Philosophical Approach
                                                              1. Technology Expression
                                                                1. Structural Honesty
                                                                  1. Industrial Aesthetic
                                                                    1. "Inside-Out" Buildings
                                                                    2. Design Characteristics
                                                                      1. Exposed Structure and Services
                                                                        1. Lightweight Construction
                                                                          1. Prefabricated Components
                                                                            1. Flexible Spaces
                                                                              1. High-Performance Building Systems
                                                                              2. Key Figures and Works
                                                                                1. Norman Foster
                                                                                  1. HSBC Building Hong Kong
                                                                                    1. 30 St Mary Axe
                                                                                      1. Stansted Airport
                                                                                        1. Millennium Bridge
                                                                                        2. Richard Rogers
                                                                                          1. Centre Pompidou
                                                                                            1. Lloyd's Building
                                                                                              1. Millennium Dome
                                                                                              2. Renzo Piano
                                                                                                1. Centre Pompidou
                                                                                                  1. Jean-Marie Tjibaou Cultural Center
                                                                                                    1. California Academy of Sciences
                                                                                                    2. Nicholas Grimshaw
                                                                                                      1. Waterloo International Terminal
                                                                                                        1. Eden Project
                                                                                                      2. Technological Innovation
                                                                                                        1. Advanced Materials
                                                                                                          1. Environmental Systems
                                                                                                            1. Structural Engineering
                                                                                                          2. Deconstructivism
                                                                                                            1. Philosophical Foundations
                                                                                                              1. Jacques Derrida's Deconstruction
                                                                                                                1. Russian Constructivism Influence
                                                                                                                  1. Anti-Functionalist Stance
                                                                                                                    1. Fragmentation and Dislocation
                                                                                                                    2. Formal Characteristics
                                                                                                                      1. Non-Rectilinear Shapes
                                                                                                                        1. Diagonal and Skewed Geometries
                                                                                                                          1. Fragmented Forms
                                                                                                                            1. Unstable Appearances
                                                                                                                              1. Complex Spatial Relationships
                                                                                                                              2. The 1988 MoMA Exhibition
                                                                                                                                1. "Deconstructivist Architecture"
                                                                                                                                  1. Philip Johnson and Mark Wigley
                                                                                                                                    1. Architectural Movement Definition
                                                                                                                                    2. Key Figures and Works
                                                                                                                                      1. Frank Gehry
                                                                                                                                        1. Guggenheim Museum Bilbao
                                                                                                                                          1. Walt Disney Concert Hall
                                                                                                                                            1. Dancing House
                                                                                                                                            2. Zaha Hadid
                                                                                                                                              1. Vitra Fire Station
                                                                                                                                                1. Heydar Aliyev Center
                                                                                                                                                  1. Fluid Geometries
                                                                                                                                                  2. Daniel Libeskind
                                                                                                                                                    1. Jewish Museum Berlin
                                                                                                                                                      1. Ground Zero Master Plan
                                                                                                                                                        1. Angular Compositions
                                                                                                                                                        2. Peter Eisenman
                                                                                                                                                          1. House Series
                                                                                                                                                            1. Memorial to the Murdered Jews
                                                                                                                                                            2. Bernard Tschumi
                                                                                                                                                              1. Parc de la Villette
                                                                                                                                                                1. Event Architecture
                                                                                                                                                                2. Rem Koolhaas
                                                                                                                                                                  1. CCTV Headquarters
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Seattle Central Library
                                                                                                                                                                3. Critical Regionalism
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Theoretical Framework
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Kenneth Frampton's Theory
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Resistance to Placelessness
                                                                                                                                                                        1. Modern Regionalism
                                                                                                                                                                          1. Tectonic Expression
                                                                                                                                                                          2. Design Strategies
                                                                                                                                                                            1. Climate Response
                                                                                                                                                                              1. Local Material Use
                                                                                                                                                                                1. Cultural Sensitivity
                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Topographical Integration
                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Vernacular Reinterpretation
                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Notable Practitioners
                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Hassan Fathy
                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Architecture for the Poor
                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Egyptian Vernacular
                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Balkrishna Doshi
                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Indian Modernism
                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Aranya Low Cost Housing
                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Glenn Murcutt
                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Australian Architecture
                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Environmental Response
                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Tadao Ando
                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Japanese Minimalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Concrete and Light
                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Regional Examples
                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Scandinavian Architecture
                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Latin American Architecture
                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Asian Modernism
                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Neo-Rationalism and Typological Studies
                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Italian Neo-Rationalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Aldo Rossi
                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Architecture of the City
                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Typological Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Collective Memory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Giorgio Grassi
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Tendenza Movement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Typological Research
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Building Type Studies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Urban Morphology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Historical Continuity

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                      4. Regional Modernisms and Post-War Developments

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                      6. Contemporary Architecture (1990s-Present)