Modern and Contemporary Architecture

  1. Regional Modernisms and Post-War Developments
    1. Latin American Modernism
      1. Brazilian Modern Architecture
        1. Oscar Niemeyer
          1. Brasília Planning and Buildings
            1. National Congress Building
              1. Cathedral of Brasília
                1. Curved Concrete Forms
                2. Lúcio Costa
                  1. Brasília Master Plan
                    1. Ministry of Education Building
                    2. Roberto Burle Marx
                      1. Landscape Architecture
                        1. Tropical Garden Design
                      2. Mexican Modernism
                        1. Luis Barragán
                          1. Emotional Architecture
                            1. Color and Light
                              1. Casa Estudio Luis Barragán
                                1. Satellite City Towers
                                2. Juan O'Gorman
                                  1. Functionalist Period
                                    1. Organic Integration
                                      1. UNAM Library
                                    2. Regional Characteristics
                                      1. Climate Response
                                        1. Tropical Modernism
                                          1. Local Material Use
                                            1. Cultural Synthesis
                                          2. American Mid-Century Modern
                                            1. Case Study House Program
                                              1. Arts & Architecture Magazine
                                                1. John Entenza's Vision
                                                  1. Post-War Housing Innovation
                                                    1. California Modern Living
                                                      1. Notable Houses
                                                        1. Eames House
                                                          1. Kaufmann House
                                                            1. Stahl House
                                                          2. Corporate Modernism
                                                            1. Skidmore, Owings & Merrill
                                                              1. Lever House
                                                                1. Inland Steel Building
                                                                  1. Corporate Campus Design
                                                                  2. Glass Box Skyscrapers
                                                                    1. Curtain Wall Technology
                                                                      1. Air Conditioning Integration
                                                                        1. Office Planning
                                                                      2. Key Figures and Works
                                                                        1. Charles and Ray Eames
                                                                          1. Eames House
                                                                            1. Furniture Design Innovation
                                                                              1. Industrial Design
                                                                                1. Film and Exhibition Design
                                                                                2. Eero Saarinen
                                                                                  1. TWA Flight Center
                                                                                    1. Gateway Arch
                                                                                      1. Dulles Airport
                                                                                        1. Sculptural Modernism
                                                                                        2. Richard Neutra
                                                                                          1. Lovell Health House
                                                                                            1. California Modern
                                                                                              1. Indoor-Outdoor Living
                                                                                              2. Philip Johnson
                                                                                                1. Glass House
                                                                                                  1. AT&T Building
                                                                                                    1. Architectural Criticism
                                                                                                    2. Pierre Koenig
                                                                                                      1. Case Study Houses
                                                                                                        1. Steel Frame Construction
                                                                                                    3. Brutalism
                                                                                                      1. Material and Aesthetic Philosophy
                                                                                                        1. "Béton brut" Concrete
                                                                                                          1. Raw Material Expression
                                                                                                            1. Monolithic Construction
                                                                                                              1. Monumental Scale
                                                                                                              2. Formal Characteristics
                                                                                                                1. Geometric and Angular Forms
                                                                                                                  1. Massive Volumes
                                                                                                                    1. Deep-Set Windows
                                                                                                                      1. Textured Surfaces
                                                                                                                      2. Building Typologies
                                                                                                                        1. Educational Buildings
                                                                                                                          1. University Campuses
                                                                                                                            1. Dormitories and Libraries
                                                                                                                            2. Government Buildings
                                                                                                                              1. City Halls
                                                                                                                                1. Civic Centers
                                                                                                                                2. Housing Complexes
                                                                                                                                  1. Social Housing Projects
                                                                                                                                    1. Urban Renewal
                                                                                                                                  2. Key Examples and Architects
                                                                                                                                    1. Le Corbusier's Late Works
                                                                                                                                      1. Unité d'Habitation
                                                                                                                                        1. La Tourette
                                                                                                                                        2. British Brutalism
                                                                                                                                          1. Alison and Peter Smithson
                                                                                                                                            1. Denys Lasdun
                                                                                                                                              1. Barbican Estate
                                                                                                                                              2. American Brutalism
                                                                                                                                                1. Paul Rudolph
                                                                                                                                                  1. Boston City Hall
                                                                                                                                                    1. University of Massachusetts Dartmouth
                                                                                                                                                    2. International Examples
                                                                                                                                                      1. Habitat 67
                                                                                                                                                        1. National Theatre London
                                                                                                                                                    3. Late Modernism and Megastructures
                                                                                                                                                      1. Sculptural and Expressive Forms
                                                                                                                                                        1. Structural Expressionism
                                                                                                                                                          1. Dynamic Geometries
                                                                                                                                                            1. Engineering as Architecture
                                                                                                                                                            2. Japanese Metabolism
                                                                                                                                                              1. Metabolist Manifesto
                                                                                                                                                                1. Prefabrication and Growth
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Megastructure Concepts
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Modular Urban Units
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Key Figures
                                                                                                                                                                        1. Kenzo Tange
                                                                                                                                                                          1. Yoyogi National Gymnasium
                                                                                                                                                                            1. Tokyo Bay Plan
                                                                                                                                                                            2. Kisho Kurokawa
                                                                                                                                                                              1. Nakagin Capsule Tower
                                                                                                                                                                              2. Fumihiko Maki
                                                                                                                                                                            3. Technological Integration
                                                                                                                                                                              1. Advanced Engineering
                                                                                                                                                                                1. Climate Control Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Structural Innovation
                                                                                                                                                                                2. Critiques and Challenges to Modernism
                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Urban Planning Failures
                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Jane Jacobs's Critique
                                                                                                                                                                                      1. "The Death and Life of Great American Cities"
                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Human Scale and Community
                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Mixed-Use Advocacy
                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Sidewalk Life
                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Urban Renewal Problems
                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Slum Clearance Issues
                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Community Displacement
                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Social Isolation
                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Architectural Failures
                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Pruitt-Igoe Housing
                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Design Problems
                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Social Issues
                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Demolition and Lessons
                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Lack of Human Scale
                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Inhuman Proportions
                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Context Insensitivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Cultural Alienation
                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Theoretical Challenges
                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Robert Venturi's Complexity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Christopher Alexander's Pattern Language
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Team 10 and CIAM Critique

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                                                                                                                                                                                                              3. The International Style and High Modernism (1920s-1960s)

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                                                                                                                                                                                                              5. Postmodernism and Pluralistic Movements (1960s-1990s)