International Marketing

  1. Developing Global Products and Brands
    1. Product Decisions in International Markets
      1. Product Standardization vs. Adaptation
        1. Standardization Benefits
          1. Cost Advantages
            1. Consistency
              1. Simplicity
              2. Adaptation Benefits
                1. Local Responsiveness
                  1. Cultural Sensitivity
                    1. Regulatory Compliance
                    2. Decision Criteria
                      1. Market Factors
                        1. Product Factors
                          1. Company Factors
                        2. Product Components Analysis
                          1. Core Product Benefits
                            1. Tangible Product Features
                              1. Augmented Product Services
                              2. Factors Encouraging Product Adaptation
                                1. Cultural Preferences
                                  1. Economic Conditions
                                    1. Technical Standards
                                      1. Climate and Usage Conditions
                                        1. Competitive Factors
                                      2. Global Branding Strategies
                                        1. Brand Strategy Options
                                          1. Global Brands
                                            1. Characteristics
                                              1. Benefits
                                                1. Challenges
                                                2. Local Brands
                                                  1. Market Responsiveness
                                                    1. Cultural Relevance
                                                    2. Regional Brands
                                                    3. Brand Architecture
                                                      1. Corporate Branding
                                                        1. Endorsed Branding
                                                          1. Individual Product Branding
                                                            1. Sub-branding
                                                            2. Brand Extensions
                                                              1. Line Extensions
                                                                1. Category Extensions
                                                                2. Co-branding Strategies
                                                                  1. Ingredient Co-branding
                                                                    1. Composite Co-branding
                                                                      1. Complementary Co-branding
                                                                      2. Private Label Brands
                                                                        1. Competitive Impact
                                                                          1. Strategic Responses
                                                                        2. Product Development for Global Markets
                                                                          1. New Product Development Process
                                                                            1. Idea Generation
                                                                              1. Internal Sources
                                                                                1. External Sources
                                                                                  1. Cross-Cultural Insights
                                                                                  2. Idea Screening
                                                                                    1. Preliminary Evaluation
                                                                                      1. Concept Testing
                                                                                      2. Business Analysis
                                                                                        1. Market Potential Assessment
                                                                                          1. Financial Projections
                                                                                          2. Product Development
                                                                                            1. Design and Engineering
                                                                                              1. Prototype Development
                                                                                              2. Market Testing
                                                                                                1. Test Market Selection
                                                                                                  1. Launch Strategy Testing
                                                                                                  2. Commercialization
                                                                                                    1. Launch Planning
                                                                                                      1. Market Introduction
                                                                                                    2. Innovation Strategies
                                                                                                      1. Technology Push
                                                                                                        1. Market Pull
                                                                                                          1. Disruptive Innovation
                                                                                                          2. Barriers to New Product Adoption
                                                                                                            1. Cultural Barriers
                                                                                                              1. Economic Barriers
                                                                                                                1. Infrastructure Barriers
                                                                                                              2. Packaging and Labeling
                                                                                                                1. Packaging Functions
                                                                                                                  1. Protection and Preservation
                                                                                                                    1. Convenience and Usability
                                                                                                                      1. Communication and Promotion
                                                                                                                      2. International Packaging Considerations
                                                                                                                        1. Climate Factors
                                                                                                                          1. Transportation Requirements
                                                                                                                            1. Storage Conditions
                                                                                                                            2. Labeling Requirements
                                                                                                                              1. Language Requirements
                                                                                                                                1. Regulatory Compliance
                                                                                                                                  1. Cultural Considerations
                                                                                                                                    1. Color Symbolism
                                                                                                                                      1. Religious Sensitivities
                                                                                                                                        1. Aesthetic Preferences
                                                                                                                                    2. International Product Life Cycle
                                                                                                                                      1. Product Life Cycle Stages
                                                                                                                                        1. Introduction Stage
                                                                                                                                          1. Growth Stage
                                                                                                                                            1. Maturity Stage
                                                                                                                                              1. Decline Stage
                                                                                                                                              2. International Product Life Cycle Theory
                                                                                                                                                1. Innovation Stage
                                                                                                                                                  1. Maturing Product Stage
                                                                                                                                                    1. Standardized Product Stage
                                                                                                                                                    2. Marketing Implications
                                                                                                                                                      1. Strategy Adaptation
                                                                                                                                                        1. Market Timing
                                                                                                                                                      2. Global Service Marketing
                                                                                                                                                        1. Service Characteristics
                                                                                                                                                          1. Intangibility
                                                                                                                                                            1. Inseparability
                                                                                                                                                              1. Variability
                                                                                                                                                                1. Perishability
                                                                                                                                                                2. Service Adaptation Strategies
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Cultural Customization
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Service Delivery Systems
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Quality Standardization
                                                                                                                                                                      2. International Service Delivery
                                                                                                                                                                        1. Technology-Enabled Services
                                                                                                                                                                          1. Human Resource Management
                                                                                                                                                                            1. Service Recovery

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                                                                                                                                                                        4. International Market Entry and Development Strategies

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                                                                                                                                                                        6. International Pricing Strategies