Instrumental Chemistry

  1. Electrochemical Methods
    1. Fundamentals of Electrochemistry
      1. Redox Reactions
        1. Oxidation and Reduction
          1. Electron Transfer Processes
            1. Half-reactions
            2. Electrochemical Cells
              1. Galvanic Cells
                1. Spontaneous Reactions
                  1. Cell Potential
                  2. Electrolytic Cells
                    1. Non-spontaneous Reactions
                      1. Applied Potential
                    2. Standard Electrode Potentials
                      1. Standard Hydrogen Electrode
                        1. Electrode Potential Series
                          1. Cell Potential Calculations
                          2. Nernst Equation
                            1. Derivation and Applications
                              1. Concentration Effects
                                1. Temperature Effects
                                  1. pH Effects
                                2. Potentiometric Methods
                                  1. Principles of Potentiometry
                                    1. Equilibrium Measurements
                                      1. Zero Current Conditions
                                        1. Potential Measurements
                                        2. Reference Electrodes
                                          1. Standard Hydrogen Electrode
                                            1. Construction and Operation
                                              1. Limitations
                                              2. Silver/Silver Chloride Electrode
                                                1. Construction and Operation
                                                  1. Advantages and Applications
                                                  2. Saturated Calomel Electrode
                                                    1. Construction and Operation
                                                      1. Temperature Effects
                                                    2. Indicator Electrodes
                                                      1. Metal Electrodes
                                                        1. First Kind Electrodes
                                                          1. Second Kind Electrodes
                                                            1. Third Kind Electrodes
                                                            2. Ion-Selective Electrodes
                                                              1. Glass Electrodes
                                                                1. pH Electrodes
                                                                  1. Sodium Electrodes
                                                                    1. Other Cation Electrodes
                                                                    2. Solid-State Electrodes
                                                                      1. Crystalline Membranes
                                                                        1. Pressed Pellet Electrodes
                                                                        2. Liquid Membrane Electrodes
                                                                          1. Ion Exchangers
                                                                            1. Neutral Carriers
                                                                            2. Gas-Sensing Electrodes
                                                                              1. CO2 Electrodes
                                                                                1. NH3 Electrodes
                                                                            3. Direct Potentiometry
                                                                              1. Measurement Procedures
                                                                                1. Calibration Methods
                                                                                  1. Standard Addition
                                                                                    1. Gran's Plot Method
                                                                                    2. Sources of Error
                                                                                      1. Junction Potentials
                                                                                        1. Activity Coefficients
                                                                                          1. Interferences
                                                                                        2. Potentiometric Titrations
                                                                                          1. Endpoint Detection
                                                                                            1. Derivative Methods
                                                                                          2. Voltammetric Methods
                                                                                            1. Principles of Voltammetry
                                                                                              1. Current-Potential Relationships
                                                                                                1. Mass Transport
                                                                                                  1. Electrode Kinetics
                                                                                                  2. Classical Polarography
                                                                                                    1. Dropping Mercury Electrode
                                                                                                      1. Polarographic Waves
                                                                                                        1. Half-wave Potential
                                                                                                        2. Modern Voltammetric Techniques
                                                                                                          1. Linear Sweep Voltammetry
                                                                                                            1. Potential Ramps
                                                                                                              1. Peak Currents
                                                                                                              2. Cyclic Voltammetry
                                                                                                                1. Reversible Systems
                                                                                                                  1. Irreversible Systems
                                                                                                                    1. Quasi-reversible Systems
                                                                                                                    2. Differential Pulse Voltammetry
                                                                                                                      1. Pulse Sequences
                                                                                                                        1. Background Subtraction
                                                                                                                        2. Square Wave Voltammetry
                                                                                                                          1. Waveform Design
                                                                                                                            1. Enhanced Sensitivity
                                                                                                                            2. Stripping Voltammetry
                                                                                                                              1. Anodic Stripping
                                                                                                                                1. Cathodic Stripping
                                                                                                                                  1. Adsorptive Stripping
                                                                                                                                2. Instrumentation
                                                                                                                                  1. Potentiostat Design
                                                                                                                                    1. Control Amplifier
                                                                                                                                      1. Current Measurement
                                                                                                                                        1. Compensation Circuits
                                                                                                                                        2. Working Electrodes
                                                                                                                                          1. Mercury Electrodes
                                                                                                                                            1. Carbon Electrodes
                                                                                                                                              1. Metal Electrodes
                                                                                                                                                1. Modified Electrodes
                                                                                                                                                2. Cell Design
                                                                                                                                                  1. Three-electrode Systems
                                                                                                                                                    1. Cell Geometry
                                                                                                                                                      1. Solution Stirring
                                                                                                                                                    2. Applications
                                                                                                                                                      1. Trace Metal Analysis
                                                                                                                                                        1. Organic Compound Analysis
                                                                                                                                                          1. Electrochemical Sensors
                                                                                                                                                        2. Coulometric and Conductometric Methods
                                                                                                                                                          1. Coulometric Methods
                                                                                                                                                            1. Principles of Coulometry
                                                                                                                                                              1. Faraday's Laws
                                                                                                                                                                1. Current Efficiency
                                                                                                                                                                2. Controlled-Potential Coulometry
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Instrumentation
                                                                                                                                                                  2. Controlled-Current Coulometry
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Coulometric Titrations
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Endpoint Detection
                                                                                                                                                                    2. Conductometric Methods
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Principles of Conductometry
                                                                                                                                                                        1. Ionic Conductivity
                                                                                                                                                                          1. Equivalent Conductance
                                                                                                                                                                          2. Instrumentation
                                                                                                                                                                            1. AC Bridges
                                                                                                                                                                              1. Conductivity Cells
                                                                                                                                                                                1. Cell Constants
                                                                                                                                                                                2. Conductometric Titrations
                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Acid-Base Titrations
                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Precipitation Titrations
                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Complexometric Titrations
                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Applications
                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Water Quality Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Process Monitoring
                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Purity Determinations

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                                                                                                                                                                                      6. Hyphenated Techniques

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                                                                                                                                                                                      8. Thermal Analysis