Human Ecology

7.

Human-Environment Interaction Domains

7.1.

Food Systems and Nutrition

7.1.1.

Food Production Systems

7.1.1.1.

Agricultural Systems

7.1.1.1.1.

Crop Production

7.1.1.1.2.

Livestock Production

7.1.1.1.3.

7.1.1.1.4.

7.1.1.2.

Food Processing

7.1.1.2.1.

Traditional Processing

7.1.1.2.2.

Industrial Processing

7.1.1.2.3.

7.1.1.2.4.

Quality Control

7.1.1.3.

Food Distribution

7.1.1.3.1.

Local Food Systems

7.1.1.3.2.

Regional Distribution

7.1.1.3.3.

Global Food Trade

7.1.1.3.4.

Supply Chain Management

7.1.2.

Nutrition and Health

7.1.2.1.

Dietary Patterns

7.1.2.1.1.

Traditional Diets

7.1.2.1.2.

7.1.2.1.3.

Nutritional Transitions

7.1.2.1.4.

Cultural Preferences

7.1.2.2.

Nutritional Status

7.1.2.2.1.

7.1.2.2.2.

7.1.2.2.3.

7.1.2.2.4.

Micronutrient Deficiencies

7.1.2.3.

Diet-Related Diseases

7.1.2.3.1.

7.1.2.3.2.

7.1.2.3.3.

Cardiovascular Disease

7.1.2.3.4.

7.1.3.

7.1.3.1.

Food Availability

7.1.3.1.1.

Production Levels

7.1.3.1.2.

Import Capacity

7.1.3.1.3.

Storage Systems

7.1.3.1.4.

Distribution Networks

7.1.3.2.

7.1.3.2.1.

Economic Access

7.1.3.2.2.

Physical Access

7.1.3.2.3.

7.1.3.2.4.

Cultural Acceptability

7.1.3.3.

Food Utilization

7.1.3.3.1.

Nutritional Quality

7.1.3.3.2.

7.1.3.3.3.

Preparation Methods

7.1.3.3.4.

Absorption Factors

7.1.3.4.

7.1.3.4.1.

Seasonal Variations

7.1.3.4.2.

Climate Impacts

7.1.3.4.3.

Market Fluctuations

7.1.3.4.4.

Political Stability

7.1.4.

Environmental Health

7.1.4.1.

Disease Ecology

7.1.4.1.1.

Vector-Borne Diseases

7.1.4.1.1.1.

7.1.4.1.1.2.

7.1.4.1.1.3.

7.1.4.1.1.4.

7.1.4.1.2.

Waterborne Diseases

7.1.4.1.2.1.

7.1.4.1.2.2.

7.1.4.1.2.3.

7.1.4.1.2.4.

Diarrheal Diseases

7.1.4.1.3.

Foodborne Diseases

7.1.4.1.3.1.

Bacterial Infections

7.1.4.1.3.2.

Viral Infections

7.1.4.1.3.3.

Parasitic Infections

7.1.4.1.3.4.

Chemical Contamination

7.1.4.1.4.

Airborne Diseases

7.1.4.1.4.1.

Respiratory Infections

7.1.4.1.4.2.

7.1.4.1.4.3.

7.1.4.1.4.4.

7.1.4.2.

Environmental Risk Factors

7.1.4.2.1.

7.1.4.2.2.

7.1.4.2.3.

Soil Contamination

7.1.4.2.4.

Chemical Exposures

7.1.4.3.

Health Disparities

7.1.4.3.1.

Socioeconomic Factors

7.1.4.3.2.

Geographic Factors

7.1.4.3.3.

Racial and Ethnic Factors

7.1.4.3.4.

7.2.

7.2.1.

Urban Ecosystem Structure

7.2.1.1.

Urban Biodiversity

7.2.1.1.1.

7.2.1.1.2.

Introduced Species

7.2.1.1.3.

7.2.1.1.4.

Habitat Specialists

7.2.1.2.

7.2.1.2.1.

7.2.1.2.2.

7.2.1.2.3.

7.2.1.2.4.

7.2.1.3.

Human-Wildlife Interactions

7.2.1.3.1.

Wildlife Management

7.2.1.3.2.

Conflict Resolution

7.2.1.3.3.

Conservation Strategies

7.2.1.3.4.

Public Education

7.2.2.

Urban Metabolism

7.2.2.1.

7.2.2.1.1.

Resource Inputs

7.2.2.1.2.

7.2.2.1.3.

Recycling Systems

7.2.2.1.4.

Circular Economy

7.2.2.2.

7.2.2.2.1.

Energy Consumption

7.2.2.2.2.

Energy Production

7.2.2.2.3.

Energy Efficiency

7.2.2.2.4.

Renewable Energy

7.2.2.3.

7.2.2.3.1.

7.2.2.3.2.

7.2.2.3.3.

Wastewater Treatment

7.2.2.3.4.

Stormwater Management

7.2.3.

7.2.3.1.

Urban Heat Island Effect

7.2.3.1.1.

Temperature Differences

7.2.3.1.2.

Causes and Mechanisms

7.2.3.1.3.

7.2.3.1.4.

Mitigation Strategies

7.2.3.2.

7.2.3.2.1.

Pollution Sources

7.2.3.2.2.

Pollution Concentrations

7.2.3.2.3.

7.2.3.2.4.

Control Measures

7.2.3.3.

Microclimate Variations

7.2.3.3.1.

Building Effects

7.2.3.3.2.

Vegetation Effects

7.2.3.3.3.

Surface Materials

7.2.3.3.4.

7.2.4.

Urban Planning and Design

7.2.4.1.

Green Infrastructure

7.2.4.1.1.

7.2.4.1.2.

7.2.4.1.3.

7.2.4.1.4.

7.2.4.2.

Sustainable Transportation

7.2.4.2.1.

7.2.4.2.2.

Cycling Infrastructure

7.2.4.2.3.

Walking Networks

7.2.4.2.4.

Electric Vehicles

7.2.4.3.

Smart City Technologies

7.2.4.3.1.

Sensor Networks

7.2.4.3.2.

7.2.4.3.3.

Automated Systems

7.2.4.3.4.

Citizen Engagement

7.3.

Rural and Agricultural Systems

7.3.1.

Rural Livelihoods

7.3.1.1.

Agricultural Livelihoods

7.3.1.1.1.

Crop Production

7.3.1.1.2.

Livestock Keeping

7.3.1.1.3.

7.3.1.1.4.

Specialized Production

7.3.1.2.

Non-Agricultural Livelihoods

7.3.1.2.1.

7.3.1.2.2.

Small-Scale Manufacturing

7.3.1.2.3.

7.3.1.2.4.

Natural Resource Extraction

7.3.1.3.

Livelihood Diversification

7.3.1.3.1.

Risk Management

7.3.1.3.2.

Income Smoothing

7.3.1.3.3.

Seasonal Activities

7.3.1.3.4.

Off-Farm Employment

7.3.2.

Land Use Systems

7.3.2.1.

7.3.2.1.1.

Ownership Patterns

7.3.2.1.2.

7.3.2.1.3.

7.3.2.1.4.

Transfer Rights

7.3.2.2.

Land Use Planning

7.3.2.2.1.

7.3.2.2.2.

Land Use Conflicts

7.3.2.2.3.

Participatory Planning

7.3.2.2.4.

Sustainable Land Use

7.3.2.3.

Land Degradation

7.3.2.3.1.

7.3.2.3.2.

Soil Fertility Decline

7.3.2.3.3.

7.3.2.3.4.

Desertification

7.3.3.

Agricultural Modernization

7.3.3.1.

Technological Changes

7.3.3.1.1.

7.3.3.1.2.

7.3.3.1.3.

Precision Agriculture

7.3.3.1.4.

Information Technology

7.3.3.2.

Economic Changes

7.3.3.2.1.

Market Integration

7.3.3.2.2.

7.3.3.2.3.

7.3.3.2.4.

Insurance Systems

7.3.3.3.

7.3.3.3.1.

Labor Relations

7.3.3.3.2.

7.3.3.3.3.

Knowledge Systems

7.3.3.3.4.

Social Organization

7.3.3.4.

Environmental Impacts

7.3.3.4.1.

Biodiversity Loss

7.3.3.4.2.

7.3.3.4.3.

Resource Depletion

7.3.3.4.4.

Ecosystem Disruption

7.4.

Common Pool Resource Management

7.4.1.

Theoretical Foundations

7.4.1.1.

Tragedy of the Commons

7.4.1.1.1.

7.4.1.1.2.

Assumptions and Limitations

7.4.1.1.3.

Real-World Applications

7.4.1.1.4.

Alternative Perspectives

7.4.1.2.

Collective Action Theory

7.4.1.2.1.

Free Rider Problem

7.4.1.2.2.

Social Dilemmas

7.4.1.2.3.

Cooperation Mechanisms

7.4.1.2.4.

Institutional Solutions

7.4.2.

Governance Systems

7.4.2.1.

Common Property Regimes

7.4.2.1.1.

Community Management

7.4.2.1.2.

7.4.2.1.3.

Traditional Systems

7.4.2.1.4.

Modern Adaptations

7.4.2.2.

State Management

7.4.2.2.1.

Government Control

7.4.2.2.2.

Regulatory Frameworks

7.4.2.2.3.

Public Agencies

7.4.2.2.4.

Policy Implementation

7.4.2.3.

Private Property

7.4.2.3.1.

Individual Ownership

7.4.2.3.2.

Market Mechanisms

7.4.2.3.3.

Property Rights

7.4.2.3.4.

Incentive Structures

7.4.2.4.

7.4.2.4.1.

Shared Governance

7.4.2.4.2.

Multi-Stakeholder Approaches

7.4.2.4.3.

Adaptive Management

7.4.2.4.4.

Collaborative Institutions

7.4.3.

7.4.3.1.

Water Resources

7.4.3.1.1.

Irrigation Systems

7.4.3.1.2.

Watershed Management

7.4.3.1.3.

Groundwater Management

7.4.3.1.4.

River Basin Management

7.4.3.2.

Forest Resources

7.4.3.2.1.

Community Forestry

7.4.3.2.2.

Forest User Groups

7.4.3.2.3.

Timber Management

7.4.3.2.4.

Non-Timber Products

7.4.3.3.

7.4.3.3.1.

Fishing Communities

7.4.3.3.2.

Marine Protected Areas

7.4.3.3.3.

7.4.3.3.4.

Gear Restrictions

7.4.3.4.

7.4.3.4.1.

Pastoral Communities

7.4.3.4.2.

Range Management

7.4.3.4.3.

Grazing Associations

7.4.3.4.4.

Mobility Systems

7.4.4.

Success Factors

7.4.4.1.

Design Principles

7.4.4.1.1.

Clearly Defined Boundaries

7.4.4.1.2.

Congruence Rules

7.4.4.1.3.

Collective Choice Arrangements

7.4.4.1.4.

Monitoring Systems

7.4.4.2.

7.4.4.2.1.

Trust and Reciprocity

7.4.4.2.2.

Social Networks

7.4.4.2.3.

7.4.4.2.4.

Conflict Resolution

7.4.4.3.

Institutional Arrangements

7.4.4.3.1.

7.4.4.3.2.

Enforcement Mechanisms

7.4.4.3.3.

Graduated Sanctions

7.4.4.3.4.

Nested Institutions

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