Human Ecology

  1. Socio-Cultural Systems and Environment
    1. Social Organization and Environment
      1. Kinship and Family Systems
        1. Household Organization
          1. Nuclear Families
            1. Extended Families
              1. Composite Families
                1. Single-Person Households
                2. Kinship Networks
                  1. Descent Systems
                    1. Marriage Alliances
                      1. Reciprocity Networks
                        1. Resource Sharing
                        2. Land Tenure Systems
                          1. Individual Ownership
                            1. Communal Ownership
                              1. State Ownership
                                1. Customary Rights
                                2. Inheritance Patterns
                                  1. Patrilineal Inheritance
                                    1. Matrilineal Inheritance
                                      1. Bilateral Inheritance
                                        1. Gender Differences
                                      2. Political Systems and Governance
                                        1. Local Governance
                                          1. Traditional Authorities
                                            1. Community Organizations
                                              1. Local Government
                                                1. Participatory Decision-Making
                                                2. National Governance
                                                  1. Environmental Policies
                                                    1. Resource Management Laws
                                                      1. Regulatory Frameworks
                                                        1. Enforcement Mechanisms
                                                        2. International Governance
                                                          1. Environmental Treaties
                                                            1. Global Agreements
                                                              1. Transboundary Issues
                                                                1. International Organizations
                                                                2. Environmental Regulation
                                                                  1. Pollution Control
                                                                    1. Resource Protection
                                                                      1. Land Use Planning
                                                                        1. Impact Assessment
                                                                      2. Social Stratification
                                                                        1. Class Systems
                                                                          1. Economic Classes
                                                                            1. Social Mobility
                                                                              1. Resource Access
                                                                                1. Environmental Burdens
                                                                                2. Caste Systems
                                                                                  1. Hereditary Status
                                                                                    1. Occupational Roles
                                                                                      1. Social Restrictions
                                                                                        1. Environmental Implications
                                                                                        2. Ethnic Divisions
                                                                                          1. Cultural Groups
                                                                                            1. Territorial Rights
                                                                                              1. Resource Conflicts
                                                                                                1. Environmental Justice
                                                                                                2. Gender Relations
                                                                                                  1. Gender Roles
                                                                                                    1. Resource Control
                                                                                                      1. Decision-Making Power
                                                                                                        1. Environmental Impacts
                                                                                                    2. Economic Systems and Environment
                                                                                                      1. Subsistence Economies
                                                                                                        1. Production Systems
                                                                                                          1. Household Production
                                                                                                            1. Community Production
                                                                                                              1. Seasonal Cycles
                                                                                                                1. Resource Scheduling
                                                                                                                2. Exchange Systems
                                                                                                                  1. Barter Systems
                                                                                                                    1. Reciprocity
                                                                                                                      1. Redistribution
                                                                                                                        1. Gift Economies
                                                                                                                        2. Resource Management
                                                                                                                          1. Common Property
                                                                                                                            1. Sustainable Practices
                                                                                                                              1. Traditional Knowledge
                                                                                                                                1. Adaptive Management
                                                                                                                              2. Market Economies
                                                                                                                                1. Commodity Production
                                                                                                                                  1. Cash Crops
                                                                                                                                    1. Livestock Production
                                                                                                                                      1. Natural Resource Extraction
                                                                                                                                        1. Value-Added Processing
                                                                                                                                        2. Labor Markets
                                                                                                                                          1. Wage Labor
                                                                                                                                            1. Seasonal Employment
                                                                                                                                              1. Migration for Work
                                                                                                                                                1. Skill Development
                                                                                                                                                2. Capital Markets
                                                                                                                                                  1. Investment Patterns
                                                                                                                                                    1. Credit Systems
                                                                                                                                                      1. Technology Adoption
                                                                                                                                                        1. Risk Management
                                                                                                                                                        2. Market Integration
                                                                                                                                                          1. Local Markets
                                                                                                                                                            1. Regional Markets
                                                                                                                                                              1. Global Markets
                                                                                                                                                                1. Price Mechanisms
                                                                                                                                                              2. Globalization Impacts
                                                                                                                                                                1. International Trade
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Export Commodities
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Import Dependencies
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Trade Agreements
                                                                                                                                                                        1. Market Access
                                                                                                                                                                        2. Transnational Corporations
                                                                                                                                                                          1. Resource Extraction
                                                                                                                                                                            1. Manufacturing
                                                                                                                                                                              1. Service Provision
                                                                                                                                                                                1. Environmental Standards
                                                                                                                                                                                2. Global Supply Chains
                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Production Networks
                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Transportation Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Quality Control
                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Environmental Impacts
                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Economic Development
                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Growth Strategies
                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Poverty Reduction
                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Inequality Issues
                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Sustainability Concerns
                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Technology and Society
                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Energy Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Energy Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Renewable Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Non-Renewable Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Traditional Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Alternative Energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Energy Transitions
                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Historical Transitions
                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Current Transitions
                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Future Scenarios
                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Social Implications
                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Energy Consumption
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Household Consumption
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Industrial Consumption
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Transportation Consumption
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Efficiency Measures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Industrialization Impacts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Production Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Manufacturing Processes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Automation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Quality Control
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Waste Generation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Urbanization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Industrial Cities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Labor Migration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Infrastructure Development
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Environmental Degradation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Social Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Class Formation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Family Structure
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Gender Roles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Cultural Values
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Information Technology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Digital Technologies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Computing Systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Communication Networks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Data Management
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Artificial Intelligence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Environmental Monitoring
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Remote Sensing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Sensor Networks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Data Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Decision Support
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Resource Consumption
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Energy Use
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Material Requirements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. E-Waste Generation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Lifecycle Impacts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Worldviews and Environmental Perception
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Environmental Cognition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Risk Perception
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Hazard Identification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Vulnerability Assessment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Risk Communication
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Behavioral Responses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Cultural Models of Nature
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Nature-Culture Distinctions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Anthropocentric Views
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Ecocentric Views
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Biocentric Views
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Environmental Values
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Instrumental Values
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Intrinsic Values
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Aesthetic Values
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Spiritual Values
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Religious and Spiritual Perspectives
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Indigenous Worldviews
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Animistic Beliefs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Sacred Landscapes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Spiritual Practices
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Environmental Stewardship
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. World Religions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Christianity and Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Islam and Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Buddhism and Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Hinduism and Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Secular Philosophies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Humanism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Materialism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Environmentalism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Deep Ecology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Environmental Ethics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Anthropocentric Ethics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Human-Centered Values
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Utilitarian Approaches
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Resource Management
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Sustainable Development
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Ecocentric Ethics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Ecosystem-Centered Values
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Holistic Approaches
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Land Ethics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Ecological Integrity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Biocentric Ethics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Life-Centered Values
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Rights of Nature
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Reverence for Life
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Biodiversity Conservation

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          5. Human Environmental Modification

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          7. Human-Environment Interaction Domains