Glaciology and Glacial Geomorphology

  1. Glacier Dynamics and Ice Flow
    1. The Rheology of Ice
      1. Ice as a Viscous Material
        1. Stress-Strain Relationships
          1. Temperature Dependence
            1. Impurities and Crystal Structure
              1. Anisotropy Effects
              2. Mechanisms of Ice Movement
                1. Internal Deformation
                  1. Glen's Flow Law
                    1. Crystal Slippage
                      1. Dislocation Creep
                        1. Grain Boundary Sliding
                        2. Basal Sliding
                          1. Conditions for Sliding
                            1. Regelation
                              1. Enhanced Creep
                                1. Role of Water at the Bed
                                  1. Sliding Laws
                                  2. Subglacial Bed Deformation
                                    1. Deformable Sediment Beds
                                      1. Shear Strength
                                        1. Water Content Effects
                                          1. Till Rheology
                                        2. Velocity Profiles in Glaciers
                                          1. Surface Velocity
                                            1. Basal Velocity
                                              1. Longitudinal Profiles
                                                1. Transverse Profiles
                                                  1. Vertical Profiles
                                                  2. Stress and Strain in Glaciers
                                                    1. Driving Stress
                                                      1. Basal Shear Stress
                                                        1. Longitudinal Stress
                                                          1. Strain Rates
                                                          2. Surging and Fast-Flowing Glaciers
                                                            1. Characteristics of Surges
                                                              1. Causes and Triggers
                                                                1. Surge Cycles
                                                                  1. Ice Streams
                                                                    1. Fast-Flow Mechanisms
                                                                    2. Structural Features in Ice
                                                                      1. Crevasses
                                                                        1. Transverse Crevasses
                                                                          1. Longitudinal Crevasses
                                                                            1. Splaying Crevasses
                                                                              1. Radial Crevasses
                                                                                1. Marginal Crevasses
                                                                                2. Ogives
                                                                                  1. Formation Mechanisms
                                                                                    1. Appearance and Spacing
                                                                                    2. Foliation
                                                                                      1. Primary Foliation
                                                                                        1. Secondary Foliation
                                                                                          1. Origin and Significance
                                                                                          2. Shear Zones
                                                                                            1. Formation and Characteristics

                                                                                        Previous

                                                                                        4. Glacier Mass Balance

                                                                                        Go to top

                                                                                        Next

                                                                                        6. Glacial Thermal Regime