Glaciology and Glacial Geomorphology

  1. Glacial Erosional Landforms
    1. Large-Scale Erosional Features
      1. U-shaped Valleys
        1. Formation Processes
          1. Cross-sectional Profiles
            1. Valley Widening
            2. Glacial Troughs
              1. Overdeepening
                1. Trough Shoulders
                2. Fjords
                  1. Glacial Origin
                    1. Post-glacial Modification
                      1. Sill Formation
                      2. Cirques
                        1. Headwall Erosion
                          1. Floor Deepening
                            1. Cirque Development
                            2. Arêtes
                              1. Formation between Cirques
                                1. Knife-edge Ridges
                                2. Pyramidal Peaks
                                  1. Intersection of Arêtes
                                    1. Horn Formation
                                    2. Truncated Spurs
                                      1. Glacial Truncation of Valley Sides
                                        1. Faceted Spurs
                                        2. Hanging Valleys
                                          1. Differential Erosion
                                            1. Waterfall Formation
                                              1. Tributary Glacier Effects
                                            2. Small-Scale Erosional Features
                                              1. Striae and Grooves
                                                1. Formation Mechanisms
                                                  1. Orientation and Interpretation
                                                    1. Preservation Conditions
                                                    2. Chattermarks
                                                      1. Crescentic Chattermarks
                                                        1. Lunate Fractures
                                                          1. Formation Processes
                                                          2. Crescentic Gouges
                                                            1. Distinctive Morphology
                                                              1. Formation Mechanisms
                                                              2. P-forms
                                                                1. Classification
                                                                  1. Plastically-molded Forms
                                                                    1. Origin Theories
                                                                    2. Whalebacks
                                                                      1. Streamlined Bedrock Forms
                                                                      2. Crag and Tail
                                                                        1. Resistant Rock Obstacles

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                                                                    9. Glacial Sediment Transport and Deposition

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                                                                    11. Glacial Depositional Landforms