Glaciology and Glacial Geomorphology

  1. Periglacial Geomorphology
    1. Defining the Periglacial Zone
      1. Climatic Criteria
        1. Geographic Distribution
          1. Distinction from Glacial Environments
            1. Modern vs Relict Periglacial Areas
            2. Permafrost
              1. Definition and Characteristics
                1. Continuous Permafrost
                  1. Discontinuous Permafrost
                    1. Sporadic Permafrost
                      1. Isolated Permafrost
                        1. Active Layer
                          1. Seasonal Thaw and Freeze
                            1. Thickness Variations
                              1. Thermal Regime
                              2. Talik Formation
                              3. Periglacial Processes
                                1. Frost Action
                                  1. Frost Heave
                                    1. Frost Cracking
                                      1. Frost Sorting
                                      2. Freeze-Thaw Cycles
                                        1. Diurnal Cycles
                                          1. Seasonal Cycles
                                          2. Solifluction
                                            1. Slope Movement Mechanisms
                                              1. Gelifluction
                                              2. Nivation
                                                1. Snow Patch Processes
                                                  1. Nivation Hollows
                                                  2. Cryoturbation
                                                    1. Soil Mixing Processes
                                                  3. Periglacial Landforms
                                                    1. Ground Ice Features
                                                      1. Ice Wedges
                                                        1. Growth Mechanisms
                                                          1. Degradation
                                                          2. Polygonal Ground
                                                            1. Types and Formation
                                                            2. Pingos
                                                              1. Hydraulic Pingos
                                                                1. Hydrostatic Pingos
                                                                  1. Growth and Collapse
                                                                2. Patterned Ground
                                                                  1. Sorted Patterns
                                                                    1. Nonsorted Patterns
                                                                      1. Formation Mechanisms
                                                                      2. Mass Movement Features
                                                                        1. Solifluction Lobes
                                                                          1. Morphology and Distribution
                                                                          2. Rock Glaciers
                                                                            1. Structure and Movement
                                                                              1. Types and Classification
                                                                            2. Weathering Features
                                                                              1. Blockfields
                                                                                1. Felsenmeer Formation
                                                                                  1. Weathering Processes
                                                                                  2. Tors
                                                                                    1. Frost Weathering Effects
                                                                                  3. Slope Features
                                                                                    1. Cryoplanation Terraces
                                                                                      1. Protalus Ramparts

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                                                                                  13. Glaciolacustrine and Glaciomarine Environments

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                                                                                  15. Paleoglaciology and Quaternary Glaciations