Genetics and Heredity

  1. Regulation of Gene Expression
    1. Overview of Gene Regulation
      1. Levels of Regulation
        1. Constitutive vs. Regulated Genes
          1. Positive vs. Negative Regulation
          2. Regulation in Prokaryotes
            1. The Operon Model
              1. Structural Genes
                1. Regulatory Elements
                  1. Regulatory Proteins
                  2. The lac Operon
                    1. Components of the lac Operon
                      1. Negative Control by lac Repressor
                        1. Positive Control by CAP-cAMP
                          1. Induction Mechanism
                          2. The trp Operon
                            1. Components of the trp Operon
                              1. Repression Mechanism
                                1. Attenuation
                                  1. Tryptophan as Corepressor
                                  2. Other Regulatory Mechanisms
                                    1. Riboswitches
                                      1. Small RNAs
                                        1. Antisense RNA
                                      2. Regulation in Eukaryotes
                                        1. Chromatin Structure and Gene Expression
                                          1. Chromatin Remodeling
                                            1. DNA Methylation
                                              1. CpG Islands
                                                1. Methylation Patterns
                                                  1. Maintenance Methylation
                                                  2. Histone Modifications
                                                    1. Histone Acetylation
                                                      1. Histone Methylation
                                                        1. Histone Code
                                                      2. Transcriptional Regulation
                                                        1. Promoter Elements
                                                          1. Core Promoter
                                                            1. Proximal Promoter
                                                              1. Distal Promoter
                                                              2. Transcription Factors
                                                                1. General Transcription Factors
                                                                  1. Specific Transcription Factors
                                                                    1. Activators
                                                                      1. Repressors
                                                                      2. Enhancers and Silencers
                                                                        1. Position Independence
                                                                          1. Orientation Independence
                                                                            1. Distance Effects
                                                                            2. Mediator Complex
                                                                            3. Post-Transcriptional Regulation
                                                                              1. RNA Processing
                                                                                1. Alternative Splicing
                                                                                  1. Alternative Polyadenylation
                                                                                    1. RNA Editing
                                                                                    2. mRNA Stability
                                                                                      1. 5' Cap and 3' Poly-A Tail
                                                                                        1. mRNA Degradation Pathways
                                                                                        2. MicroRNA Regulation
                                                                                          1. miRNA Biogenesis
                                                                                            1. Target Recognition
                                                                                              1. Translational Repression
                                                                                            2. Translational Regulation
                                                                                              1. Ribosome Binding
                                                                                                1. Upstream Open Reading Frames
                                                                                                  1. Internal Ribosome Entry Sites
                                                                                                    1. Translational Repressors
                                                                                                    2. Post-Translational Regulation
                                                                                                      1. Protein Modifications
                                                                                                        1. Phosphorylation
                                                                                                          1. Ubiquitination
                                                                                                            1. Sumoylation
                                                                                                            2. Protein Localization
                                                                                                              1. Protein Degradation
                                                                                                                1. Proteasome System
                                                                                                                  1. Autophagy

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                                                                                                            8. Gene Mutation and Genetic Variation

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                                                                                                            10. Population Genetics