Genetics and Heredity

  1. The Molecular Basis of Inheritance
    1. The Structure of Nucleic Acids
      1. Deoxyribonucleic Acid
        1. The Double Helix Model
          1. Nucleotide Components
            1. Deoxyribose Sugar
              1. Phosphate Group
                1. Nitrogenous Bases
                2. The Four Nitrogenous Bases
                  1. Adenine
                    1. Guanine
                      1. Cytosine
                        1. Thymine
                        2. Complementary Base Pairing
                          1. Antiparallel Strands
                            1. Major and Minor Grooves
                              1. DNA Packaging
                                1. Supercoiling
                                  1. Histones
                                    1. Nucleosomes
                                  2. Ribonucleic Acid
                                    1. Structural Differences from DNA
                                      1. Ribose Sugar
                                        1. Uracil in Place of Thymine
                                          1. Single-Stranded Structure
                                            1. Types of RNA
                                              1. Messenger RNA
                                                1. Transfer RNA
                                                  1. Ribosomal RNA
                                                    1. Small Nuclear RNA
                                                      1. MicroRNA
                                                        1. Long Non-coding RNA
                                                    2. DNA Replication
                                                      1. Models of Replication
                                                        1. Conservative Model
                                                          1. Semiconservative Model
                                                            1. Dispersive Model
                                                              1. Meselson-Stahl Experiment
                                                              2. The Replication Process
                                                                1. Origin of Replication
                                                                  1. Replication Fork
                                                                    1. Bidirectional Replication
                                                                    2. Key Enzymes in Replication
                                                                      1. Helicase
                                                                        1. DNA Polymerase
                                                                          1. Primase
                                                                            1. DNA Ligase
                                                                              1. Single-Strand Binding Proteins
                                                                                1. Topoisomerase
                                                                                2. Leading and Lagging Strands
                                                                                  1. Continuous Synthesis
                                                                                    1. Discontinuous Synthesis
                                                                                      1. Okazaki Fragments
                                                                                      2. Proofreading and Error Correction
                                                                                        1. 3' to 5' Exonuclease Activity
                                                                                          1. Mismatch Repair
                                                                                            1. Excision Repair
                                                                                          2. The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology
                                                                                            1. Gene Expression Overview
                                                                                              1. Transcription: DNA to RNA
                                                                                                1. Initiation
                                                                                                  1. Promoter Recognition
                                                                                                    1. RNA Polymerase Binding
                                                                                                      1. Transcription Factors
                                                                                                      2. Elongation
                                                                                                        1. RNA Chain Growth
                                                                                                          1. Transcription Bubble
                                                                                                          2. Termination
                                                                                                            1. Intrinsic Termination
                                                                                                              1. Rho-Dependent Termination
                                                                                                              2. RNA Processing in Eukaryotes
                                                                                                                1. 5' Capping
                                                                                                                  1. 3' Polyadenylation
                                                                                                                    1. Splicing
                                                                                                                      1. Alternative Splicing
                                                                                                                    2. Translation: RNA to Protein
                                                                                                                      1. The Genetic Code
                                                                                                                        1. Triplet Nature
                                                                                                                          1. Degeneracy
                                                                                                                            1. Universality
                                                                                                                              1. Start and Stop Codons
                                                                                                                              2. Transfer RNA Structure and Function
                                                                                                                                1. Anticodon
                                                                                                                                  1. Amino Acid Attachment
                                                                                                                                    1. Wobble Base Pairing
                                                                                                                                    2. Ribosome Structure and Function
                                                                                                                                      1. Large Subunit
                                                                                                                                        1. Small Subunit
                                                                                                                                          1. A, P, and E Sites
                                                                                                                                          2. The Process of Translation
                                                                                                                                            1. Initiation
                                                                                                                                              1. Elongation
                                                                                                                                                1. Termination
                                                                                                                                                  1. Polyribosomes
                                                                                                                                                  2. Post-Translational Modifications
                                                                                                                                                    1. Protein Folding
                                                                                                                                                      1. Chemical Modifications
                                                                                                                                                        1. Protein Targeting

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                                                                                                                                                  2. Mendelian Genetics: The Principles of Inheritance

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                                                                                                                                                  4. Chromosomes and Cell Division