Genetics and Genomics

  1. Chromosomal Genetics
    1. Chromosome Structure and Organization
      1. Chromosome Components
        1. Sister Chromatids
          1. Centromere Types
            1. Metacentric
              1. Submetacentric
                1. Acrocentric
                  1. Telocentric
                  2. Telomere Function
                    1. Chromosome Arms
                    2. Chromatin Organization
                      1. Euchromatin Characteristics
                        1. Heterochromatin Types
                          1. Constitutive Heterochromatin
                            1. Facultative Heterochromatin
                            2. Chromosome Condensation
                            3. Specialized Chromosome Regions
                              1. Nucleolar Organizer Regions
                                1. Satellite DNA
                                  1. Repetitive Elements
                                2. Cell Division Processes
                                  1. Cell Cycle Regulation
                                    1. G1 Phase Events
                                      1. S Phase DNA Replication
                                        1. G2 Phase Preparation
                                          1. M Phase Division
                                            1. Cell Cycle Checkpoints
                                              1. G1/S Checkpoint
                                                1. Intra-S Checkpoint
                                                  1. G2/M Checkpoint
                                                    1. Spindle Checkpoint
                                                  2. Mitotic Division
                                                    1. Prophase Events
                                                      1. Chromosome Condensation
                                                        1. Nuclear Envelope Breakdown
                                                          1. Spindle Formation
                                                          2. Metaphase Alignment
                                                            1. Metaphase Plate Formation
                                                              1. Kinetochore Assembly
                                                              2. Anaphase Separation
                                                                1. Sister Chromatid Separation
                                                                  1. Chromosome Movement
                                                                  2. Telophase Reconstruction
                                                                    1. Nuclear Envelope Reformation
                                                                      1. Chromosome Decondensation
                                                                      2. Cytokinesis
                                                                        1. Animal Cell Division
                                                                          1. Plant Cell Division
                                                                      3. Meiotic Division and Recombination
                                                                        1. Meiosis I Events
                                                                          1. Prophase I Stages
                                                                            1. Leptotene
                                                                              1. Zygotene
                                                                                1. Pachytene
                                                                                  1. Diplotene
                                                                                    1. Diakinesis
                                                                                    2. Synapsis Process
                                                                                      1. Crossing Over Mechanism
                                                                                        1. Holliday Junction Formation
                                                                                          1. Resolution Pathways
                                                                                          2. Metaphase I Alignment
                                                                                            1. Anaphase I Separation
                                                                                              1. Telophase I Completion
                                                                                              2. Meiosis II Events
                                                                                                1. Prophase II
                                                                                                  1. Metaphase II
                                                                                                    1. Anaphase II
                                                                                                      1. Telophase II
                                                                                                      2. Genetic Recombination
                                                                                                        1. Recombination Frequency
                                                                                                          1. Genetic Mapping
                                                                                                            1. Linkage Analysis
                                                                                                              1. Recombination Hotspots
                                                                                                              2. Meiosis vs Mitosis Comparison
                                                                                                              3. Karyotype Analysis
                                                                                                                1. Karyotype Preparation
                                                                                                                  1. Cell Culture Methods
                                                                                                                    1. Chromosome Harvesting
                                                                                                                      1. Staining Techniques
                                                                                                                        1. G-Banding
                                                                                                                          1. Q-Banding
                                                                                                                            1. R-Banding
                                                                                                                              1. C-Banding
                                                                                                                            2. Human Karyotype
                                                                                                                              1. Autosome Pairs
                                                                                                                                1. Sex Chromosome Composition
                                                                                                                                  1. Chromosome Nomenclature
                                                                                                                                  2. Karyotype Applications
                                                                                                                                    1. Clinical Diagnosis
                                                                                                                                      1. Prenatal Screening
                                                                                                                                        1. Cancer Cytogenetics
                                                                                                                                      2. Chromosomal Abnormalities
                                                                                                                                        1. Numerical Abnormalities
                                                                                                                                          1. Aneuploidy Types
                                                                                                                                            1. Nullisomy
                                                                                                                                              1. Monosomy
                                                                                                                                                1. Turner Syndrome
                                                                                                                                                  1. Monosomy 21
                                                                                                                                                  2. Trisomy
                                                                                                                                                    1. Down Syndrome
                                                                                                                                                      1. Edwards Syndrome
                                                                                                                                                        1. Patau Syndrome
                                                                                                                                                          1. Klinefelter Syndrome
                                                                                                                                                            1. Triple X Syndrome
                                                                                                                                                              1. XYY Syndrome
                                                                                                                                                              2. Polyploidy
                                                                                                                                                                1. Triploidy
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Tetraploidy
                                                                                                                                                              3. Structural Abnormalities
                                                                                                                                                                1. Deletion Types
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Terminal Deletions
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Interstitial Deletions
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Microdeletions
                                                                                                                                                                      2. Duplication Events
                                                                                                                                                                        1. Tandem Duplications
                                                                                                                                                                          1. Interspersed Duplications
                                                                                                                                                                          2. Inversion Types
                                                                                                                                                                            1. Paracentric Inversions
                                                                                                                                                                              1. Pericentric Inversions
                                                                                                                                                                              2. Translocation Types
                                                                                                                                                                                1. Reciprocal Translocations
                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Robertsonian Translocations
                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Insertional Translocations
                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Ring Chromosomes
                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Isochromosomes
                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Chromosomal Instability Syndromes

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                                                                                                                                                                                    4. Extensions of Mendelian Genetics

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                                                                                                                                                                                    6. Mutation, Variation, and DNA Repair