Genetics and Genomics

  1. Gene Regulation and Expression
    1. Principles of Gene Regulation
      1. Regulation Levels
        1. Transcriptional Control
          1. Post-Transcriptional Control
            1. Translational Control
              1. Post-Translational Control
              2. Regulatory Importance
                1. Cellular Differentiation
                  1. Metabolic Control
                    1. Response to Environment
                  2. Prokaryotic Gene Regulation
                    1. Operon Structure and Function
                      1. Operon Components
                        1. Structural Genes
                          1. Promoter Region
                            1. Operator Sequence
                              1. Regulatory Genes
                            2. Negative Regulation
                              1. Repressor Proteins
                                1. Operator Binding
                                  1. Transcription Inhibition
                                  2. Positive Regulation
                                    1. Activator Proteins
                                      1. Enhancer Binding
                                        1. Transcription Promotion
                                        2. Lac Operon System
                                          1. Inducible System Characteristics
                                            1. Lactose Metabolism
                                              1. Allolactose Function
                                                1. Glucose Effect
                                                  1. CAP-cAMP Complex
                                                  2. Trp Operon System
                                                    1. Repressible System Characteristics
                                                      1. Tryptophan Synthesis
                                                        1. Corepressor Function
                                                          1. Attenuation Mechanism
                                                        2. Eukaryotic Gene Regulation
                                                          1. Chromatin Structure Control
                                                            1. Nucleosome Organization
                                                              1. Histone Modifications
                                                                1. Acetylation Effects
                                                                  1. Methylation Patterns
                                                                    1. Phosphorylation
                                                                      1. Ubiquitination
                                                                      2. DNA Methylation
                                                                        1. CpG Islands
                                                                          1. Methylation Patterns
                                                                            1. Silencing Effects
                                                                            2. Chromatin Remodeling Complexes
                                                                            3. Transcriptional Regulation
                                                                              1. General Transcription Factors
                                                                                1. TFIID Function
                                                                                  1. TFIIB Role
                                                                                    1. TFIIF Activity
                                                                                    2. Specific Transcription Factors
                                                                                      1. DNA-Binding Domains
                                                                                        1. Activation Domains
                                                                                          1. Tissue-Specific Expression
                                                                                          2. Regulatory Elements
                                                                                            1. Enhancer Function
                                                                                              1. Silencer Activity
                                                                                                1. Insulator Elements
                                                                                              2. Post-Transcriptional Control
                                                                                                1. Alternative Splicing
                                                                                                  1. Exon Skipping
                                                                                                    1. Intron Retention
                                                                                                      1. Alternative 5' Sites
                                                                                                        1. Alternative 3' Sites
                                                                                                        2. mRNA Stability
                                                                                                          1. 5' Cap Protection
                                                                                                            1. 3' Poly-A Tail
                                                                                                              1. mRNA Degradation
                                                                                                              2. MicroRNA Regulation
                                                                                                                1. miRNA Biogenesis
                                                                                                                  1. Target Recognition
                                                                                                                    1. Translation Repression
                                                                                                                  2. Translational Control
                                                                                                                    1. Initiation Factor Regulation
                                                                                                                      1. Ribosome Binding Sites
                                                                                                                        1. Internal Ribosome Entry Sites
                                                                                                                          1. Upstream Open Reading Frames
                                                                                                                          2. Post-Translational Control
                                                                                                                            1. Protein Modification
                                                                                                                              1. Protein Localization
                                                                                                                                1. Protein Degradation
                                                                                                                                  1. Ubiquitin-Proteasome System
                                                                                                                                    1. Autophagy
                                                                                                                                2. Epigenetic Mechanisms
                                                                                                                                  1. Epigenetic Inheritance
                                                                                                                                    1. Heritable Gene Expression Changes
                                                                                                                                      1. DNA Sequence Independence
                                                                                                                                        1. Reversible Modifications
                                                                                                                                        2. DNA Methylation
                                                                                                                                          1. Methyltransferase Enzymes
                                                                                                                                            1. Maintenance Methylation
                                                                                                                                              1. De Novo Methylation
                                                                                                                                                1. Demethylation Processes
                                                                                                                                                2. Histone Modifications
                                                                                                                                                  1. Histone Code Hypothesis
                                                                                                                                                    1. Modification Types
                                                                                                                                                      1. Writer Enzymes
                                                                                                                                                        1. Reader Proteins
                                                                                                                                                          1. Eraser Enzymes
                                                                                                                                                          2. Non-Coding RNA Regulation
                                                                                                                                                            1. Long Non-Coding RNAs
                                                                                                                                                              1. Chromatin Modification
                                                                                                                                                                1. Transcriptional Control
                                                                                                                                                                2. Genomic Imprinting
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Parent-of-Origin Effects
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Imprinting Control Regions
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Imprinted Gene Clusters
                                                                                                                                                                        1. Disease Associations
                                                                                                                                                                        2. X-Chromosome Inactivation
                                                                                                                                                                          1. Dosage Compensation
                                                                                                                                                                            1. XIST RNA Function
                                                                                                                                                                              1. Barr Body Formation
                                                                                                                                                                                1. Skewed Inactivation
                                                                                                                                                                                2. Environmental Epigenetics
                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Nutritional Effects
                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Toxin Exposure
                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Stress Response
                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Transgenerational Inheritance

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                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Molecular Basis of Heredity

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                                                                                                                                                                                    4. Extensions of Mendelian Genetics