Forest Ecology and Management

  1. Silvicultural Systems
    1. Even-Aged Management Systems
      1. Clearcutting System
        1. Method Characteristics
          1. Site Preparation
            1. Regeneration Establishment
              1. Advantages and Limitations
              2. Seed-Tree System
                1. Seed Tree Selection
                  1. Seed Tree Density
                    1. Removal Timing
                    2. Shelterwood System
                      1. Preparatory Cutting
                        1. Establishment Cutting
                          1. Removal Cutting
                            1. Variations
                              1. Uniform Shelterwood
                                1. Group Shelterwood
                                  1. Strip Shelterwood
                              2. Uneven-Aged Management Systems
                                1. Single-Tree Selection
                                  1. Selection Criteria
                                    1. Cutting Cycles
                                      1. Residual Stand Structure
                                        1. Marking Guidelines
                                        2. Group Selection
                                          1. Group Size Determination
                                            1. Group Distribution
                                              1. Regeneration Management
                                              2. Irregular Shelterwood
                                                1. Continuous Cover Forestry
                                                  1. Close-to-Nature Silviculture
                                                2. Two-Aged Systems
                                                  1. Reserve Tree Systems
                                                    1. Reserve Tree Selection
                                                      1. Retention Levels
                                                        1. Spatial Distribution
                                                        2. Seed Tree with Reserves
                                                          1. Shelterwood with Reserves
                                                          2. Specialized Systems
                                                            1. Coppice Systems
                                                              1. Simple Coppice
                                                                1. Coppice with Standards
                                                                  1. Short Rotation Coppice
                                                                  2. Agroforestry Systems
                                                                    1. Alley Cropping
                                                                      1. Forest Farming
                                                                        1. Silvopasture
                                                                          1. Windbreaks

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                                                                      7. Principles and Practice of Silviculture

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                                                                      9. Forest Measurement and Assessment