Forest Ecology and Management

  1. Forest Disturbance and Succession
    1. Natural Disturbance Regimes
      1. Fire Disturbances
        1. Fire Types
          1. Surface Fires
            1. Crown Fires
              1. Ground Fires
              2. Fire Behavior
                1. Fire Weather
                  1. Fuel Characteristics
                    1. Topographic Effects
                    2. Fire Effects
                      1. Tree Mortality
                        1. Soil Effects
                          1. Regeneration Responses
                          2. Fire Regimes
                            1. Fire Frequency
                              1. Fire Intensity
                                1. Fire Seasonality
                                  1. Fire Size Distribution
                                2. Wind Disturbances
                                  1. Storm Types
                                    1. Hurricanes and Typhoons
                                      1. Tornadoes
                                        1. Thunderstorm Winds
                                        2. Wind Effects
                                          1. Windthrow
                                            1. Crown Damage
                                              1. Stem Breakage
                                              2. Recovery Patterns
                                              3. Hydrological Disturbances
                                                1. Flooding
                                                  1. River Flooding
                                                    1. Flash Flooding
                                                      1. Coastal Flooding
                                                      2. Drought
                                                        1. Meteorological Drought
                                                          1. Hydrological Drought
                                                            1. Ecological Drought
                                                          2. Biological Disturbances
                                                            1. Insect Outbreaks
                                                              1. Defoliator Outbreaks
                                                                1. Bark Beetle Epidemics
                                                                  1. Outbreak Cycles
                                                                  2. Disease Epidemics
                                                                    1. Fungal Pathogens
                                                                      1. Bacterial Diseases
                                                                        1. Viral Infections
                                                                      2. Geological Disturbances
                                                                        1. Landslides
                                                                          1. Volcanic Activity
                                                                            1. Earthquakes
                                                                          2. Anthropogenic Disturbances
                                                                            1. Logging and Harvesting
                                                                              1. Clearcutting
                                                                                1. Selective Cutting
                                                                                  1. Partial Cutting
                                                                                  2. Land Use Change
                                                                                    1. Agricultural Conversion
                                                                                      1. Urban Development
                                                                                        1. Infrastructure Development
                                                                                        2. Pollution Effects
                                                                                          1. Air Pollution
                                                                                            1. Soil Contamination
                                                                                              1. Water Pollution
                                                                                              2. Fragmentation
                                                                                                1. Habitat Loss
                                                                                                  1. Edge Effects
                                                                                                    1. Connectivity Loss
                                                                                                  2. Succession Processes
                                                                                                    1. Primary Succession
                                                                                                      1. Substrate Colonization
                                                                                                        1. Soil Development
                                                                                                          1. Species Establishment
                                                                                                          2. Secondary Succession
                                                                                                            1. Initial Colonization
                                                                                                              1. Competition and Facilitation
                                                                                                                1. Species Replacement
                                                                                                                2. Succession Models
                                                                                                                  1. Facilitation Model
                                                                                                                    1. Inhibition Model
                                                                                                                      1. Tolerance Model
                                                                                                                        1. Resource Ratio Model
                                                                                                                        2. Factors Affecting Succession
                                                                                                                          1. Site Conditions
                                                                                                                            1. Disturbance History
                                                                                                                              1. Propagule Availability
                                                                                                                                1. Species Interactions
                                                                                                                              2. Stand Development Patterns
                                                                                                                                1. Stand Initiation Stage
                                                                                                                                  1. Cohort Establishment
                                                                                                                                    1. Initial Competition
                                                                                                                                    2. Stem Exclusion Stage
                                                                                                                                      1. Intense Competition
                                                                                                                                        1. Self-Thinning
                                                                                                                                          1. Canopy Closure
                                                                                                                                          2. Understory Reinitiation Stage
                                                                                                                                            1. Gap Formation
                                                                                                                                              1. Understory Development
                                                                                                                                                1. Structural Diversification
                                                                                                                                                2. Old-Growth Stage
                                                                                                                                                  1. Structural Complexity
                                                                                                                                                    1. Multi-Cohort Structure
                                                                                                                                                      1. Large Tree Development

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                                                                                                                                                  5. Forest Population and Community Ecology

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                                                                                                                                                  7. Principles and Practice of Silviculture