Forest Ecology and Management

  1. Forest Structure and Spatial Organization
    1. Vertical Forest Structure
      1. Canopy Layers
        1. Emergent Layer
          1. Characteristics
            1. Species Composition
              1. Ecological Functions
              2. Main Canopy
                1. Crown Architecture
                  1. Light Interception
                    1. Microclimate Creation
                    2. Understory Layer
                      1. Shade Adaptation
                        1. Species Diversity
                          1. Regeneration Dynamics
                          2. Shrub Layer
                            1. Structural Diversity
                              1. Wildlife Habitat
                              2. Herb Layer
                                1. Ground Vegetation
                                  1. Seasonal Dynamics
                                  2. Forest Floor
                                    1. Litter Layer
                                      1. Organic Horizon
                                        1. Decomposition Zone
                                      2. Root Systems and Soil Layers
                                        1. Root Architecture
                                          1. Shallow Root Systems
                                            1. Deep Root Systems
                                              1. Mycorrhizal Networks
                                              2. Soil Horizon Development
                                                1. Organic Horizons
                                                  1. Mineral Horizons
                                                    1. Bedrock Interface
                                                2. Horizontal Forest Structure
                                                  1. Stand Composition
                                                    1. Species Diversity Patterns
                                                      1. Dominance Relationships
                                                        1. Age Class Distribution
                                                        2. Spatial Patterns
                                                          1. Tree Distribution Patterns
                                                            1. Random Distribution
                                                              1. Clumped Distribution
                                                                1. Regular Distribution
                                                                2. Stand Density Variation
                                                                  1. High Density Areas
                                                                    1. Low Density Areas
                                                                      1. Gap Patterns
                                                                    2. Edge Effects and Boundaries
                                                                      1. Forest-Non-Forest Edges
                                                                        1. Internal Boundaries
                                                                          1. Ecotone Characteristics
                                                                        2. Landscape-Scale Structure
                                                                          1. Forest Fragmentation
                                                                            1. Fragment Size Distribution
                                                                              1. Connectivity Patterns
                                                                                1. Matrix Effects
                                                                                2. Patch Dynamics
                                                                                  1. Patch Size Variation
                                                                                    1. Patch Age Distribution
                                                                                      1. Disturbance Patterns

                                                                                  Previous

                                                                                  2. Forest Ecosystem Components and Environment

                                                                                  Go to top

                                                                                  Next

                                                                                  4. Forest Ecosystem Processes and Functions