Zoology (Animal Biology)

  1. Animal Reproduction and Development
    1. Modes of Reproduction
      1. Asexual Reproduction
        1. Fission
          1. Binary Fission
            1. Multiple Fission
            2. Budding
              1. External Budding
                1. Internal Budding
                2. Fragmentation
                  1. Regenerative Processes
                    1. Body Part Separation
                    2. Parthenogenesis
                      1. Genetic Mechanisms
                        1. Environmental Triggers
                      2. Sexual Reproduction
                        1. Gametogenesis
                          1. Spermatogenesis
                            1. Mitotic Phase
                              1. Meiotic Phase
                                1. Differentiation Phase
                                2. Oogenesis
                                  1. Mitotic Phase
                                    1. Growth Phase
                                      1. Maturation Phase
                                    2. Fertilization
                                      1. Internal Fertilization
                                        1. Copulation Mechanisms
                                          1. Sperm Transport
                                          2. External Fertilization
                                            1. Spawning Behaviors
                                              1. Environmental Factors
                                              2. Gamete Recognition
                                                1. Zygote Formation
                                                2. Mating Systems
                                                  1. Monogamy
                                                    1. Polygyny
                                                      1. Polyandry
                                                        1. Promiscuity
                                                    2. Patterns of Embryonic Development
                                                      1. Cleavage
                                                        1. Radial Cleavage
                                                          1. Equal Division Patterns
                                                            1. Indeterminate Development
                                                            2. Spiral Cleavage
                                                              1. Unequal Division Patterns
                                                                1. Determinate Development
                                                                2. Determinate vs. Indeterminate Cleavage
                                                                  1. Cell Fate Determination
                                                                    1. Developmental Flexibility
                                                                    2. Cleavage Patterns
                                                                      1. Holoblastic Cleavage
                                                                        1. Meroblastic Cleavage
                                                                      2. Gastrulation and Germ Layer Formation
                                                                        1. Gastrulation Process
                                                                          1. Cell Movement Patterns
                                                                            1. Morphogenetic Processes
                                                                            2. Ectoderm
                                                                              1. Nervous System Formation
                                                                                1. Skin Development
                                                                                2. Mesoderm
                                                                                  1. Muscle Development
                                                                                    1. Skeletal System Formation
                                                                                    2. Endoderm
                                                                                      1. Digestive System Formation
                                                                                        1. Respiratory System Development
                                                                                      2. Coelom Formation
                                                                                        1. Acoelomates
                                                                                          1. Solid Body Construction
                                                                                            1. Tissue Organization
                                                                                            2. Pseudocoelomates
                                                                                              1. Body Cavity Characteristics
                                                                                                1. Organ Arrangement
                                                                                                2. Coelomates
                                                                                                  1. True Coelom Formation
                                                                                                    1. Organ System Development
                                                                                                  2. Protostome vs. Deuterostome Development
                                                                                                    1. Fate of Blastopore
                                                                                                      1. Mouth Formation
                                                                                                        1. Anus Formation
                                                                                                        2. Differences in Cleavage and Coelom Formation
                                                                                                          1. Schizocoely
                                                                                                            1. Enterocoely
                                                                                                            2. Molecular Markers
                                                                                                          2. Larval Stages and Metamorphosis
                                                                                                            1. Types of Larvae
                                                                                                              1. Trochophore Larvae
                                                                                                                1. Nauplius Larvae
                                                                                                                  1. Tadpole Larvae
                                                                                                                    1. Caterpillar Larvae
                                                                                                                    2. Metamorphic Processes
                                                                                                                      1. Hormonal Control
                                                                                                                        1. Tissue Reorganization
                                                                                                                          1. Complete Metamorphosis
                                                                                                                            1. Incomplete Metamorphosis
                                                                                                                          2. Post-Embryonic Development
                                                                                                                            1. Direct Development
                                                                                                                              1. Miniature Adult Formation
                                                                                                                                1. Gradual Growth
                                                                                                                                2. Indirect Development
                                                                                                                                  1. Larval Stages
                                                                                                                                    1. Metamorphic Transitions
                                                                                                                                    2. Growth and Maturation
                                                                                                                                      1. Determinate Growth
                                                                                                                                        1. Indeterminate Growth
                                                                                                                                          1. Sexual Maturation

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                                                                                                                                      2. Animal Cell Biology and Histology

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                                                                                                                                      4. Animal Architecture and Body Plans