Zoology (Animal Biology)

  1. Animal Evolution and Phylogeny
    1. Evidence for Evolution
      1. The Fossil Record
        1. Transitional Forms
          1. Geological Time Scale
            1. Extinction Patterns
            2. Comparative Anatomy
              1. Homology
                1. Common Ancestry
                  1. Structural Similarities
                  2. Analogy
                    1. Convergent Evolution
                      1. Functional Similarities
                      2. Vestigial Structures
                      3. Comparative Embryology
                        1. Developmental Similarities
                          1. Embryonic Homologies
                          2. Biogeography
                            1. Geographic Distribution
                              1. Continental Drift
                                1. Island Biogeography
                                2. Molecular Evidence
                                  1. DNA and Protein Comparisons
                                    1. Sequence Similarities
                                      1. Molecular Clocks
                                      2. Phylogenetic Reconstruction
                                    2. Mechanisms of Evolution
                                      1. Natural Selection
                                        1. Directional Selection
                                          1. Stabilizing Selection
                                            1. Disruptive Selection
                                            2. Genetic Drift
                                              1. Random Changes
                                                1. Population Size Effects
                                                2. Gene Flow
                                                  1. Migration Effects
                                                    1. Genetic Exchange
                                                    2. Mutation
                                                      1. Genetic Variation Source
                                                        1. Evolutionary Raw Material
                                                        2. Sexual Selection
                                                          1. Mate Choice
                                                            1. Male-Male Competition
                                                          2. Speciation
                                                            1. Species Concepts
                                                              1. Biological Species Concept
                                                                1. Morphological Species Concept
                                                                  1. Ecological Species Concept
                                                                  2. Allopatric Speciation
                                                                    1. Geographic Isolation
                                                                      1. Reproductive Isolation
                                                                      2. Sympatric Speciation
                                                                        1. Same Geographic Area
                                                                          1. Polyploidy
                                                                            1. Sexual Selection
                                                                            2. Reproductive Isolation
                                                                              1. Prezygotic Barriers
                                                                                1. Postzygotic Barriers
                                                                              2. Phylogenetics and Systematics
                                                                                1. Reading Phylogenetic Trees
                                                                                  1. Branching Patterns
                                                                                    1. Common Ancestors
                                                                                      1. Sister Groups
                                                                                      2. Cladistics
                                                                                        1. Shared Derived Characters
                                                                                          1. Monophyletic Groups
                                                                                            1. Parsimony Analysis
                                                                                            2. Molecular Systematics
                                                                                              1. DNA Sequencing
                                                                                                1. Protein Analysis
                                                                                                  1. Phylogenetic Software
                                                                                                  2. Taxonomic Hierarchies
                                                                                                    1. Linnaean System
                                                                                                      1. Modern Classifications
                                                                                                        1. Nomenclature Rules
                                                                                                      2. Major Events in Animal Evolution
                                                                                                        1. The Cambrian Explosion
                                                                                                          1. Rapid Diversification
                                                                                                            1. Body Plan Origins
                                                                                                              1. Fossil Evidence
                                                                                                              2. The Origin of Multicellularity
                                                                                                                1. Cell Aggregation
                                                                                                                  1. Cell Differentiation
                                                                                                                    1. Colonial Organisms
                                                                                                                    2. The Colonization of Land
                                                                                                                      1. Terrestrial Adaptations
                                                                                                                        1. Arthropod Pioneers
                                                                                                                          1. Vertebrate Transitions
                                                                                                                          2. Evolution of Flight
                                                                                                                            1. Insect Flight
                                                                                                                              1. Vertebrate Flight
                                                                                                                                1. Convergent Evolution
                                                                                                                                2. Mass Extinction Events
                                                                                                                                  1. Permian Extinction
                                                                                                                                    1. Largest Extinction
                                                                                                                                      1. Causes and Effects
                                                                                                                                      2. Cretaceous Extinction
                                                                                                                                        1. Dinosaur Extinction
                                                                                                                                          1. Mammalian Radiation
                                                                                                                                          2. Other Major Extinctions
                                                                                                                                          3. Coevolution
                                                                                                                                            1. Predator-Prey Arms Races
                                                                                                                                              1. Plant-Animal Interactions
                                                                                                                                                1. Symbiotic Relationships

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                                                                                                                                            9. Animal Ecology

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                                                                                                                                            1. Introduction to Zoology