Wildlife Ecology and Conservation

2.

Fundamental Ecological Principles

2.1.

Levels of Ecological Organization

2.1.1.

Individual Level (Autecology)

2.1.1.1.

Physiological Ecology

2.1.1.2.

Behavioral Ecology

2.1.1.3.

Life History Strategies

2.1.2.

Population Level

2.1.2.1.

Population Structure and Dynamics

2.1.2.2.

Intraspecific Interactions

2.1.2.3.

Population Genetics

2.1.3.

Community Level

2.1.3.1.

Species Composition and Diversity

2.1.3.2.

Interspecific Interactions

2.1.3.3.

Community Assembly

2.1.4.

Ecosystem Level

2.1.4.1.

Abiotic Components

2.1.4.2.

Biotic Components

2.1.4.3.

Ecosystem Processes and Functions

2.1.5.

Landscape Level

2.1.5.1.

Spatial Heterogeneity

2.1.5.2.

Landscape Structure and Function

2.1.5.3.

Connectivity and Fragmentation

2.1.6.

2.1.6.1.

Major Terrestrial Biomes

2.1.6.2.

Major Aquatic Biomes

2.1.6.3.

Global Distribution Patterns

2.2.

Energy Flow and Trophic Structure

2.2.1.

Primary Producers

2.2.1.1.

Photosynthesis and Chemosynthesis

2.2.1.2.

Primary Productivity

2.2.2.

Primary Consumers

2.2.2.1.

Herbivore Feeding Strategies

2.2.2.2.

Digestive Adaptations

2.2.3.

Secondary Consumers

2.2.3.1.

Carnivore Feeding Strategies

2.2.3.2.

Predator Adaptations

2.2.4.

Tertiary Consumers

2.2.4.1.

Top Predator Roles

2.2.4.2.

Apex Predator Effects

2.2.5.

Decomposers and Detritivores

2.2.5.1.

Decomposition Processes

2.2.5.2.

Nutrient Cycling Role

2.2.6.

Food Chain Structure

2.2.6.1.

Linear Energy Transfer

2.2.6.2.

2.2.7.

Food Web Complexity

2.2.7.1.

Multiple Feeding Relationships

2.2.7.2.

Web Stability and Resilience

2.2.8.

Ecological Pyramids

2.2.8.1.

Pyramid of Numbers

2.2.8.2.

Pyramid of Biomass

2.2.8.3.

Pyramid of Energy

2.3.

Biogeochemical Cycles

2.3.1.

2.3.1.1.

Carbon Reservoirs

2.3.1.2.

2.3.1.3.

Human Impacts on Carbon Cycling

2.3.2.

2.3.2.1.

Nitrogen Fixation

2.3.2.2.

2.3.2.3.

Denitrification

2.3.2.4.

Anthropogenic Nitrogen Inputs

2.3.3.

2.3.3.1.

Evaporation and Transpiration

2.3.3.2.

Precipitation Patterns

2.3.3.3.

Watershed Dynamics

2.3.3.4.

Groundwater Systems

2.3.4.

Phosphorus Cycle

2.3.4.1.

Phosphorus Sources and Sinks

2.3.4.2.

Phosphorus Limitation

2.3.4.3.

Eutrophication Processes

2.3.5.

Other Important Cycles

2.3.5.1.

2.3.5.2.

2.4.

Limiting Factors and Environmental Tolerance

2.4.1.

Liebig's Law of the Minimum

2.4.2.

Shelford's Law of Tolerance

2.4.3.

Abiotic Limiting Factors

2.4.3.1.

2.4.3.2.

Water Availability

2.4.3.3.

2.4.3.4.

2.4.4.

Biotic Limiting Factors

2.4.4.1.

2.4.4.2.

2.4.4.3.

2.4.5.

Tolerance Ranges and Optima

2.4.5.1.

Physiological Tolerance

2.4.5.2.

Ecological Tolerance

2.5.

Ecological Niche Concept

2.5.1.

Fundamental Niche

2.5.1.1.

Theoretical Habitat Requirements

2.5.1.2.

Physiological Constraints

2.5.2.

2.5.2.1.

Actual Habitat Use

2.5.2.2.

Competitive Constraints

2.5.3.

Niche Dimensions

2.5.3.1.

2.5.3.2.

Environmental Gradients

2.5.4.

2.5.4.1.

Specialist vs. Generalist Strategies

2.5.4.2.

Niche Width Measurement

2.5.5.

2.5.5.1.

Competition Potential

2.5.5.2.

Coexistence Mechanisms

2.5.6.

Niche Partitioning

2.5.6.1.

Resource Division

2.5.6.2.

Temporal Partitioning

2.5.6.3.

Spatial Partitioning

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1. Introduction to Wildlife Ecology and Conservation

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3. Wildlife Population Ecology