Vertebrate Paleontology

  1. Amphibian Evolution
    1. Paleozoic Amphibian Diversity
      1. Temnospondyli
        1. Edopoidea
          1. Stereospondyli
            1. Dissorophoidea
              1. Aquatic Specializations
              2. Lepospondyli
                1. Microsauria
                  1. Nectridea
                    1. Aistopoda
                      1. Lysorophia
                      2. Anthracosauria
                        1. Embolomeri
                          1. Gephyrostegida
                            1. Seymouriamorpha
                            2. Ecological Roles
                              1. Predatory Forms
                                1. Herbivorous Adaptations
                                  1. Aquatic Specialists
                                2. Mesozoic Amphibian Survivors
                                  1. Temnospondyl Persistence
                                    1. Capitosauria
                                      1. Trematosauria
                                        1. Plagiosauridae
                                        2. Lissamphibian Origins
                                          1. Dissorophoid Hypothesis
                                            1. Lepospondyl Hypothesis
                                              1. Molecular Evidence
                                            2. Modern Amphibian Orders
                                              1. Anura
                                                1. Frog Characteristics
                                                  1. Fossil Record
                                                  2. Caudata
                                                    1. Salamander Features
                                                      1. Neoteny Evolution
                                                        1. Fossil Evidence
                                                        2. Gymnophiona
                                                          1. Caecilian Adaptations
                                                            1. Fossorial Lifestyle
                                                              1. Limited Fossil Record
                                                            2. Amphibian Decline and Recovery
                                                              1. Permian-Triassic Crisis
                                                                1. Mesozoic Marginalization
                                                                  1. Cenozoic Diversification