Vertebrate Paleontology

  1. Osteichthyan Diversification
    1. Bony Fish Characteristics
      1. Endochondral Bone
        1. Opercular Series
          1. Swim Bladder Evolution
            1. Scale Types
            2. Actinopterygii Evolution
              1. Basal Ray-finned Fishes
                1. Cheirolepis
                  1. Moythomasia
                    1. Primitive Characteristics
                    2. Neopterygian Radiation
                      1. Semionotiformes
                        1. Amiiformes
                          1. Lepisosteiformes
                          2. Teleostean Success
                            1. Leptolepis
                              1. Tharsis
                                1. Modern Teleost Diversity
                                2. Fin Ray Structure
                                  1. Jaw Mechanics Evolution
                                  2. Sarcopterygii Evolution
                                    1. Lobe-finned Fish Characteristics
                                      1. Muscular Fins
                                        1. Cosmoid Scales
                                          1. Choana Development
                                          2. Actinistia
                                            1. Coelacanthiformes
                                              1. Latimeria Discovery
                                                1. Evolutionary Stasis
                                                2. Dipnoi
                                                  1. Lungfish Characteristics
                                                    1. Devonian Diversity
                                                      1. Modern Survivors
                                                      2. Tetrapodomorpha
                                                        1. Osteolepiformes
                                                          1. Panderichthyids
                                                            1. Elpistostegalia
                                                            2. Fin-to-Limb Transition
                                                              1. Skeletal Modifications
                                                                1. Developmental Genetics
                                                                  1. Functional Morphology

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                                                              6. Gnathostome Origins and Early Jawed Fishes

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                                                              8. The Water-to-Land Transition