Vertebrate Paleontology

  1. Synapsid Evolution and Mammalian Origins
    1. Early Synapsid Radiation
      1. Pelycosaur Grade
        1. Ophiacodontidae
          1. Edaphosauridae
            1. Sphenacodontidae
              1. Varanopidae
              2. Therapsid Emergence
                1. Biarmosuchians
                  1. Dinocephalians
                    1. Anomodonts
                      1. Theriodonts
                    2. Therapsid Diversification
                      1. Dinocephalia
                        1. Titanosuchians
                          1. Tapinocephalians
                            1. Estemmenosuchians
                            2. Anomodontia
                              1. Venyukovioidea
                                1. Dromasauria
                                  1. Dicynodontia
                                  2. Theriodontia
                                    1. Gorgonopsia
                                      1. Therocephalia
                                        1. Cynodontia
                                      2. Cynodont Evolution
                                        1. Basal Cynodonts
                                          1. Procynosuchidae
                                            1. Thrinaxodontidae
                                            2. Eucynodontia
                                              1. Cynognathidae
                                                1. Traversodontidae
                                                  1. Chiniquodontidae
                                                  2. Mammaliamorpha
                                                    1. Tritylodontidae
                                                      1. Mammaliaformes
                                                    2. Mammalian Characteristics
                                                      1. Cranial Features
                                                        1. Secondary Palate
                                                          1. Differentiated Dentition
                                                            1. Jaw Joint Modifications
                                                            2. Postcranial Features
                                                              1. Limb Posture Changes
                                                                1. Vertebral Differentiation
                                                                2. Physiological Innovations
                                                                  1. Endothermy
                                                                    1. Hair Evolution
                                                                      1. Lactation
                                                                    2. Early Mammaliaformes
                                                                      1. Sinoconodon
                                                                        1. Morganucodon
                                                                          1. Megazostrodon
                                                                            1. Hadrocodium
                                                                            2. Mesozoic Mammal Diversity
                                                                              1. Multituberculata
                                                                                1. Symmetrodonta
                                                                                  1. Eupantotheria
                                                                                    1. Metatheria
                                                                                      1. Eutheria

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                                                                                    10. Amniote Origins and Early Evolution

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                                                                                    12. Sauropsid Radiation