Surveying and Geomatics

  1. Leveling and Vertical Control
    1. Principles of Leveling
      1. Definition of Level Surface
        1. Horizontal and Level Distinctions
          1. Curvature and Refraction
            1. Mean Sea Level
            2. Types of Levels
              1. Dumpy Level
                1. Components and Operation
                  1. Advantages and Limitations
                  2. Tilting Level
                    1. Tilting Mechanism
                      1. Precision Capabilities
                      2. Automatic Level
                        1. Compensator Systems
                          1. Self-Leveling Principles
                          2. Digital Level
                            1. Electronic Reading
                              1. Data Storage
                                1. Bar-Code Staffs
                                2. Laser Level
                                  1. Rotating Laser Systems
                                    1. Construction Applications
                                  2. Leveling Accessories
                                    1. Leveling Staffs
                                      1. Types and Graduations
                                        1. Staff Calibration
                                        2. Tripods and Supports
                                          1. Turning Points
                                            1. Benchmarks
                                            2. Differential Leveling
                                              1. Basic Procedures
                                                1. Field Notes and Booking
                                                  1. Error Checking
                                                    1. Foresight-Backsight Method
                                                      1. Two-Peg Test
                                                      2. Precision Standards
                                                        1. Loop Closure
                                                        2. Profile Leveling
                                                          1. Route Surveying Applications
                                                            1. Station Intervals
                                                              1. Profile Plotting
                                                                1. Grade Calculations
                                                                2. Cross-Section Leveling
                                                                  1. Perpendicular Sections
                                                                    1. Irregular Sections
                                                                      1. Volume Calculations
                                                                      2. Reciprocal Leveling
                                                                        1. Long Sight Procedures
                                                                          1. Error Elimination
                                                                            1. River Crossing Applications
                                                                            2. Trigonometric Leveling
                                                                              1. Vertical Angle Method
                                                                                1. Zenith Distance Applications
                                                                                  1. Atmospheric Corrections
                                                                                  2. Precise Leveling
                                                                                    1. First-Order Standards
                                                                                      1. Instrument Requirements
                                                                                        1. Field Procedures
                                                                                          1. Error Sources and Control
                                                                                          2. Leveling Adjustments
                                                                                            1. Level Network Adjustment
                                                                                              1. Least Squares Applications
                                                                                                1. Benchmark Establishment

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                                                                                              4. Distance Measurement and Linear Surveying

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                                                                                              6. Angle and Direction Measurement