Spectroscopy

  1. Other Spectroscopic Methods
    1. Mass Spectrometry
      1. Principles
        1. Ion Formation
          1. Mass-to-Charge Ratio
            1. Ion Separation
              1. Ion Detection
              2. Ionization Methods
                1. Electron Impact Ionization
                  1. Hard Ionization
                    1. Fragmentation Patterns
                    2. Chemical Ionization
                      1. Soft Ionization
                        1. Reagent Gases
                        2. Electrospray Ionization
                          1. Solution-Phase Ionization
                            1. Multiply Charged Ions
                            2. Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization
                              1. Matrix Selection
                                1. Large Molecule Analysis
                                2. Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization
                                  1. Fast Atom Bombardment
                                  2. Mass Analyzers
                                    1. Magnetic Sector
                                      1. Ion Trajectory
                                        1. Mass Resolution
                                        2. Quadrupole
                                          1. RF and DC Voltages
                                            1. Mass Filtering
                                            2. Time-of-Flight
                                              1. Ion Acceleration
                                                1. Flight Time Measurement
                                                  1. Reflectron Design
                                                  2. Ion Trap
                                                    1. Three-Dimensional Trap
                                                      1. Linear Trap
                                                      2. Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance
                                                        1. Cyclotron Motion
                                                          1. High Resolution
                                                        2. Detectors
                                                          1. Electron Multipliers
                                                            1. Faraday Cups
                                                              1. Microchannel Plates
                                                              2. Data Interpretation
                                                                1. Molecular Ion Peak
                                                                  1. Isotopic Patterns
                                                                    1. Fragmentation Patterns
                                                                      1. Base Peak
                                                                        1. Metastable Ions
                                                                        2. Applications
                                                                          1. Molecular Weight Determination
                                                                            1. Structural Elucidation
                                                                              1. Quantitative Analysis
                                                                                1. Proteomics
                                                                                  1. Metabolomics
                                                                                2. X-ray Spectroscopy
                                                                                  1. X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy
                                                                                    1. Principles
                                                                                      1. Core Electron Excitation
                                                                                        1. Characteristic X-ray Emission
                                                                                          1. Auger Effect
                                                                                          2. Instrumentation
                                                                                            1. X-ray Sources
                                                                                              1. Crystal Spectrometers
                                                                                                1. Detectors
                                                                                                2. Applications
                                                                                                  1. Elemental Analysis
                                                                                                    1. Quantitative Analysis
                                                                                                  2. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
                                                                                                    1. Principles
                                                                                                      1. Photoelectric Effect
                                                                                                        1. Binding Energy Measurement
                                                                                                          1. Chemical Shifts
                                                                                                          2. Instrumentation
                                                                                                            1. X-ray Sources
                                                                                                              1. Electron Energy Analyzers
                                                                                                                1. Ultra-High Vacuum Systems
                                                                                                                2. Applications
                                                                                                                  1. Surface Analysis
                                                                                                                    1. Chemical State Analysis
                                                                                                                  2. X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy
                                                                                                                    1. X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure
                                                                                                                      1. Electronic Transitions
                                                                                                                        1. Oxidation State Information
                                                                                                                        2. Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure
                                                                                                                          1. Local Structure Information
                                                                                                                            1. Coordination Environment
                                                                                                                        3. Luminescence Spectroscopy
                                                                                                                          1. Principles of Luminescence
                                                                                                                            1. Photoluminescence
                                                                                                                              1. Chemiluminescence
                                                                                                                                1. Bioluminescence
                                                                                                                                  1. Electroluminescence
                                                                                                                                  2. Fluorescence Spectroscopy
                                                                                                                                    1. Excitation and Emission
                                                                                                                                      1. Stokes Shift
                                                                                                                                        1. Quantum Yield
                                                                                                                                          1. Fluorescence Lifetime
                                                                                                                                            1. Jablonski Diagram
                                                                                                                                              1. Singlet States
                                                                                                                                                1. Vibrational Relaxation
                                                                                                                                                  1. Internal Conversion
                                                                                                                                                2. Phosphorescence Spectroscopy
                                                                                                                                                  1. Triplet States
                                                                                                                                                    1. Intersystem Crossing
                                                                                                                                                      1. Phosphorescence Lifetime
                                                                                                                                                        1. Temperature Effects
                                                                                                                                                        2. Quenching Mechanisms
                                                                                                                                                          1. Dynamic Quenching
                                                                                                                                                            1. Collisional Quenching
                                                                                                                                                              1. Stern-Volmer Equation
                                                                                                                                                              2. Static Quenching
                                                                                                                                                                1. Ground State Complex Formation
                                                                                                                                                              3. Instrumentation
                                                                                                                                                                1. Excitation Sources
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Xenon Arc Lamps
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Laser Sources
                                                                                                                                                                    2. Monochromators
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Excitation Monochromator
                                                                                                                                                                        1. Emission Monochromator
                                                                                                                                                                        2. Detectors
                                                                                                                                                                          1. Photomultiplier Tubes
                                                                                                                                                                            1. CCD Detectors
                                                                                                                                                                            2. Time-Resolved Systems
                                                                                                                                                                            3. Applications
                                                                                                                                                                              1. Analytical Chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                1. Biological Imaging
                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Environmental Monitoring
                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Material Characterization
                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy
                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Principles
                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Circularly Polarized Light
                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Optical Activity
                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Differential Absorption
                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Cotton Effect
                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Instrumentation
                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Light Sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Polarizers
                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Photoelastic Modulators
                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Detectors
                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Applications
                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Chiral Molecule Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Protein Secondary Structure
                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Nucleic Acid Conformation
                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Enzyme Studies

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                                                                                                                                                                                                        5. Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

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                                                                                                                                                                                                        7. Applications and Data Analysis