Spectroscopy

  1. Atomic Spectroscopy
    1. Principles of Atomic Spectra
      1. Atomic Structure
        1. Electron Configuration
          1. Orbital Angular Momentum
            1. Spin Angular Momentum
              1. Total Angular Momentum
              2. Atomic Energy Levels
                1. Hydrogen-like Atoms
                  1. Multi-electron Atoms
                    1. Term Symbols
                      1. Energy Level Diagrams
                      2. Selection Rules for Atomic Transitions
                        1. Electric Dipole Transitions
                          1. Magnetic Dipole Transitions
                            1. Forbidden Transitions
                            2. Atomic Line Spectra
                              1. Line Series
                                1. Multiplet Structure
                                  1. Fine Structure
                                    1. Hyperfine Structure
                                      1. Nuclear Spin Effects
                                        1. Isotope Effects
                                    2. Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
                                      1. Principles
                                        1. Ground State Absorption
                                          1. Resonance Lines
                                            1. Population Distribution
                                            2. Instrumentation
                                              1. Light Sources
                                                1. Hollow Cathode Lamps
                                                  1. Electrodeless Discharge Lamps
                                                  2. Atomizers
                                                    1. Flame Atomizers
                                                      1. Electrothermal Atomizers
                                                      2. Monochromators
                                                        1. Detectors
                                                        2. Atomization Methods
                                                          1. Flame Atomization
                                                            1. Flame Types
                                                              1. Flame Structure
                                                                1. Sample Introduction Systems
                                                                  1. Nebulizers
                                                                    1. Spray Chambers
                                                                    2. Temperature Profiles
                                                                    3. Electrothermal Atomization
                                                                      1. Graphite Furnace Design
                                                                        1. Temperature Programming
                                                                          1. Drying Stage
                                                                            1. Ashing Stage
                                                                              1. Atomization Stage
                                                                              2. Matrix Modifiers
                                                                              3. Hydride Generation
                                                                                1. Chemical Reduction
                                                                                  1. Cold Vapor Technique
                                                                                2. Interferences
                                                                                  1. Chemical Interferences
                                                                                    1. Compound Formation
                                                                                      1. Ionization Interference
                                                                                      2. Spectral Interferences
                                                                                        1. Line Overlap
                                                                                          1. Background Absorption
                                                                                          2. Physical Interferences
                                                                                            1. Viscosity Effects
                                                                                              1. Surface Tension Effects
                                                                                              2. Matrix Effects
                                                                                                1. Enhancement Effects
                                                                                                  1. Suppression Effects
                                                                                                2. Calibration and Quantification
                                                                                                  1. External Calibration
                                                                                                    1. Standard Addition Method
                                                                                                      1. Internal Standard Method
                                                                                                        1. Method of Standard Additions
                                                                                                      2. Atomic Emission Spectroscopy
                                                                                                        1. Principles
                                                                                                          1. Thermal Excitation
                                                                                                            1. Population Distribution
                                                                                                              1. Emission Intensity
                                                                                                              2. Excitation Sources
                                                                                                                1. Flame Sources
                                                                                                                  1. Air-Acetylene Flame
                                                                                                                    1. Nitrous Oxide-Acetylene Flame
                                                                                                                    2. Plasma Sources
                                                                                                                      1. Inductively Coupled Plasma
                                                                                                                        1. Direct Current Plasma
                                                                                                                          1. Microwave Induced Plasma
                                                                                                                          2. Arc and Spark Sources
                                                                                                                            1. DC Arc
                                                                                                                              1. AC Spark
                                                                                                                            2. Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy
                                                                                                                              1. ICP Torch Design
                                                                                                                                1. Plasma Formation
                                                                                                                                  1. Sample Introduction
                                                                                                                                    1. Advantages and Limitations
                                                                                                                                    2. Instrumentation
                                                                                                                                      1. Spectrometers
                                                                                                                                        1. Sequential Spectrometers
                                                                                                                                          1. Simultaneous Spectrometers
                                                                                                                                          2. Detectors
                                                                                                                                            1. Photomultiplier Tubes
                                                                                                                                              1. Charge-Coupled Devices
                                                                                                                                            2. Analytical Applications
                                                                                                                                              1. Multi-element Analysis
                                                                                                                                                1. Trace Element Detection
                                                                                                                                                  1. Matrix Tolerance
                                                                                                                                                2. Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy
                                                                                                                                                  1. Principles
                                                                                                                                                    1. Resonance Fluorescence
                                                                                                                                                      1. Non-resonance Fluorescence
                                                                                                                                                        1. Fluorescence Quantum Yield
                                                                                                                                                        2. Instrumentation
                                                                                                                                                          1. Excitation Sources
                                                                                                                                                            1. Atomizers
                                                                                                                                                              1. Detection Systems
                                                                                                                                                              2. Advantages and Limitations

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                                                                                                                                                            2. General Spectroscopic Instrumentation and Concepts

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                                                                                                                                                            4. Molecular Spectroscopy