Soil Science and Management

  1. Soil Physical Properties
    1. Soil Texture
      1. Soil Separates
        1. Sand
          1. Size Classes
            1. Properties and Behavior
            2. Silt
              1. Size Classes
                1. Properties and Behavior
                2. Clay
                  1. Size Classes
                    1. Properties and Behavior
                  2. Textural Classification
                    1. Textural Triangle
                      1. Textural Classes
                        1. Modifier Terms
                        2. Texture Determination
                          1. Laboratory Methods
                            1. Hydrometer Method
                              1. Pipette Method
                              2. Field Methods
                                1. Feel Method
                                  1. Jar Test
                                2. Influence on Soil Properties
                                  1. Water Holding Capacity
                                    1. Permeability
                                      1. Nutrient Retention
                                    2. Soil Structure
                                      1. Types of Soil Structure
                                        1. Granular Structure
                                          1. Platy Structure
                                            1. Blocky Structure
                                              1. Angular Blocky
                                                1. Subangular Blocky
                                                2. Prismatic Structure
                                                  1. Columnar Structure
                                                    1. Structureless Conditions
                                                      1. Single Grain
                                                        1. Massive
                                                      2. Aggregate Formation
                                                        1. Binding Agents
                                                          1. Organic Matter
                                                            1. Clay and Sesquioxides
                                                              1. Carbonates
                                                              2. Biological Influences
                                                                1. Root Activity
                                                                  1. Microbial Activity
                                                                    1. Fauna Activity
                                                                  2. Structure Stability
                                                                    1. Factors Affecting Stability
                                                                      1. Measurement Methods
                                                                      2. Management of Soil Structure
                                                                        1. Tillage Effects
                                                                          1. Organic Matter Management
                                                                            1. Traffic Control
                                                                          2. Soil Density
                                                                            1. Particle Density
                                                                              1. Definition and Typical Values
                                                                                1. Measurement Methods
                                                                                  1. Factors Affecting Particle Density
                                                                                  2. Bulk Density
                                                                                    1. Definition and Calculation
                                                                                      1. Measurement Methods
                                                                                        1. Factors Affecting Bulk Density
                                                                                          1. Texture
                                                                                            1. Structure
                                                                                              1. Organic Matter Content
                                                                                                1. Compaction
                                                                                              2. Pore Space Relationships
                                                                                              3. Soil Porosity
                                                                                                1. Total Porosity
                                                                                                  1. Calculation Methods
                                                                                                    1. Typical Values
                                                                                                    2. Pore Size Distribution
                                                                                                      1. Macropores
                                                                                                        1. Mesopores
                                                                                                          1. Micropores
                                                                                                          2. Pore Continuity
                                                                                                            1. Factors Affecting Porosity
                                                                                                              1. Texture
                                                                                                                1. Structure
                                                                                                                  1. Organic Matter
                                                                                                                    1. Compaction
                                                                                                                  2. Soil Consistency
                                                                                                                    1. Rupture Resistance
                                                                                                                      1. Stickiness
                                                                                                                        1. Plasticity
                                                                                                                          1. Atterberg Limits
                                                                                                                            1. Liquid Limit
                                                                                                                              1. Plastic Limit
                                                                                                                                1. Plasticity Index
                                                                                                                                2. Field Assessment Methods
                                                                                                                                3. Soil Color
                                                                                                                                  1. Munsell Color System
                                                                                                                                    1. Hue
                                                                                                                                      1. Value
                                                                                                                                        1. Chroma
                                                                                                                                        2. Factors Influencing Color
                                                                                                                                          1. Organic Matter Content
                                                                                                                                            1. Iron Compounds
                                                                                                                                              1. Moisture Content
                                                                                                                                                1. Parent Material
                                                                                                                                                2. Significance of Soil Color
                                                                                                                                                3. Soil Temperature
                                                                                                                                                  1. Heat Transfer Processes
                                                                                                                                                    1. Conduction
                                                                                                                                                      1. Convection
                                                                                                                                                        1. Radiation
                                                                                                                                                        2. Factors Affecting Soil Temperature
                                                                                                                                                          1. Solar Radiation
                                                                                                                                                            1. Air Temperature
                                                                                                                                                              1. Soil Properties
                                                                                                                                                                1. Surface Cover
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Moisture Content
                                                                                                                                                                  2. Temperature Variations
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Diurnal Variations
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Seasonal Variations
                                                                                                                                                                        1. Depth Variations
                                                                                                                                                                        2. Management Practices
                                                                                                                                                                          1. Mulching
                                                                                                                                                                            1. Tillage
                                                                                                                                                                              1. Crop Residue Management

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                                                                                                                                                                          2. Soil Formation and Development

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                                                                                                                                                                          4. Soil Water Relations