Soil Science and Management

  1. Problem Soils and Remediation
    1. Salt-Affected Soils
      1. Classification
        1. Saline Soils
          1. Sodic Soils
            1. Saline-Sodic Soils
            2. Formation and Distribution
              1. Effects on Plants and Soil Properties
                1. Diagnosis and Assessment
                  1. Electrical Conductivity
                    1. Sodium Adsorption Ratio
                      1. Exchangeable Sodium Percentage
                      2. Reclamation Strategies
                        1. Leaching Requirements
                          1. Chemical Amendments
                            1. Biological Approaches
                              1. Drainage Improvements
                            2. Acid Soils
                              1. Causes of Acidity
                                1. Natural Acidification
                                  1. Anthropogenic Acidification
                                  2. Problems Associated with Acidity
                                    1. Aluminum Toxicity
                                      1. Nutrient Deficiencies
                                        1. Reduced Microbial Activity
                                        2. Lime Requirement Determination
                                          1. Liming Materials and Application
                                            1. Alternative Management Strategies
                                            2. Compacted Soils
                                              1. Types of Compaction
                                                1. Surface Compaction
                                                  1. Subsoil Compaction
                                                  2. Causes of Compaction
                                                    1. Machinery Traffic
                                                      1. Livestock Trampling
                                                        1. Natural Processes
                                                        2. Effects on Soil and Plant Properties
                                                          1. Prevention Strategies
                                                            1. Remediation Techniques
                                                              1. Mechanical Methods
                                                                1. Biological Methods
                                                                  1. Chemical Methods
                                                                2. Poorly Drained Soils
                                                                  1. Causes of Poor Drainage
                                                                    1. Effects on Soil Properties
                                                                      1. Drainage Systems
                                                                        1. Surface Drainage
                                                                          1. Subsurface Drainage
                                                                            1. Controlled Drainage
                                                                            2. Wetland Considerations
                                                                            3. Contaminated Soils
                                                                              1. Types of Contaminants
                                                                                1. Heavy Metals
                                                                                  1. Organic Pollutants
                                                                                    1. Radioactive Materials
                                                                                      1. Pathogens
                                                                                      2. Assessment Methods
                                                                                        1. Remediation Technologies
                                                                                          1. Physical Methods
                                                                                            1. Chemical Methods
                                                                                              1. Biological Methods
                                                                                                1. Thermal Methods

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                                                                                            9. Soil Degradation and Conservation

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                                                                                            11. Soil Management Systems