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Biology
Genetics and Genomics
Population Genetics
1. Introduction to Population Genetics
2. Genetic Variation in Populations
3. The Hardy-Weinberg Principle
4. Mutation as an Evolutionary Force
5. Genetic Drift
6. Natural Selection
7. Gene Flow and Migration
8. Mating Systems and Population Structure
9. Molecular Population Genetics
10. Quantitative Genetics
11. Population Genetics Applications
12. Advanced Topics
3.
The Hardy-Weinberg Principle
3.1.
Theoretical Foundation
3.1.1.
Null Model Concept
3.1.2.
Purpose in Population Genetics
3.1.3.
Predictive Framework
3.2.
Mathematical Formulation
3.2.1.
Single Locus with Two Alleles
3.2.1.1.
p + q = 1
3.2.1.2.
p² + 2pq + q² = 1
3.2.2.
Multiple Alleles
3.2.2.1.
Extension of Basic Equation
3.2.2.2.
Multinomial Expansion
3.2.3.
Multiple Loci
3.2.3.1.
Independent Assortment
3.2.3.2.
Linkage Considerations
3.3.
Assumptions
3.3.1.
No Mutation
3.3.2.
No Natural Selection
3.3.3.
No Gene Flow
3.3.4.
Random Mating
3.3.5.
Large Population Size
3.3.6.
No Meiotic Drive
3.4.
Applications
3.4.1.
Predicting Genotype Frequencies
3.4.2.
Testing for Evolutionary Forces
3.4.3.
Carrier Frequency Estimation
3.4.4.
Medical Genetics Applications
3.5.
Testing Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
3.5.1.
Chi-Square Goodness of Fit
3.5.2.
Exact Tests
3.5.3.
Interpreting Deviations
3.5.4.
Sources of Error
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2. Genetic Variation in Populations
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4. Mutation as an Evolutionary Force