Population Genetics

  1. Genetic Variation in Populations
    1. Sources of Genetic Variation
      1. Mutation
        1. Point Mutations
          1. Chromosomal Mutations
            1. Mutation as Source of New Alleles
            2. Sexual Reproduction
              1. Crossing Over
                1. Independent Assortment
                  1. Fertilization
                  2. Gene Flow
                    1. Immigration of New Alleles
                      1. Hybridization
                    2. Types of Genetic Variation
                      1. Allelic Variation
                        1. Definition of Allele
                          1. Multiple Alleles
                            1. Allelic Richness
                            2. Genotypic Variation
                              1. Homozygosity
                                1. Heterozygosity
                                  1. Genotype Combinations
                                  2. Phenotypic Variation
                                    1. Observable Traits
                                      1. Genetic Component
                                        1. Environmental Component
                                          1. Genotype-Environment Interactions
                                        2. Measuring Genetic Variation
                                          1. Allele Frequencies
                                            1. Calculation Methods
                                              1. Interpretation
                                                1. Temporal Changes
                                                2. Genotype Frequencies
                                                  1. Direct Counting
                                                    1. Hardy-Weinberg Predictions
                                                      1. Deviations from Expected
                                                      2. Genetic Diversity Indices
                                                        1. Polymorphism
                                                          1. Heterozygosity Measures
                                                            1. Nucleotide Diversity
                                                              1. Allelic Richness

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                                                          1. Introduction to Population Genetics

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                                                          3. The Hardy-Weinberg Principle