Pollution Science

  1. Effects of Pollution
    1. Human Health Effects
      1. Principles of Toxicology
        1. Basic Concepts
          1. Toxicity vs. Hazard
            1. Dose-Response Relationships
              1. Threshold vs. Non-threshold Effects
              2. Exposure Assessment
                1. Exposure Pathways
                  1. Exposure Duration and Frequency
                    1. Exposure Quantification
                    2. Routes of Exposure
                      1. Inhalation
                        1. Respiratory System Anatomy
                          1. Particle Deposition
                            1. Gas Exchange
                            2. Ingestion
                              1. Gastrointestinal Absorption
                                1. First-Pass Metabolism
                                2. Dermal Absorption
                                  1. Skin Structure and Function
                                    1. Penetration Mechanisms
                                  2. Toxicokinetics
                                    1. Absorption
                                      1. Distribution
                                        1. Metabolism
                                          1. Excretion
                                        2. Specific Health Effects
                                          1. Respiratory System Effects
                                            1. Asthma and Allergies
                                              1. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
                                                1. Lung Cancer
                                                  1. Pneumoconiosis
                                                  2. Cardiovascular System Effects
                                                    1. Heart Disease
                                                      1. Hypertension
                                                        1. Stroke
                                                          1. Atherosclerosis
                                                          2. Nervous System Effects
                                                            1. Neurotoxicity
                                                              1. Neurodevelopmental Effects
                                                                1. Neurodegenerative Diseases
                                                                2. Cancer and Carcinogenesis
                                                                  1. Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis
                                                                    1. Types of Carcinogens
                                                                      1. Cancer Risk Assessment
                                                                      2. Endocrine System Effects
                                                                        1. Hormone Disruption
                                                                          1. Reproductive Effects
                                                                            1. Developmental Effects
                                                                            2. Immune System Effects
                                                                              1. Immunosuppression
                                                                                1. Autoimmune Diseases
                                                                                  1. Hypersensitivity Reactions
                                                                                2. Vulnerable Populations
                                                                                  1. Children
                                                                                    1. Elderly
                                                                                      1. Pregnant Women
                                                                                        1. Individuals with Pre-existing Conditions
                                                                                        2. Environmental Justice
                                                                                          1. Disproportionate Impacts
                                                                                            1. Socioeconomic Factors
                                                                                              1. Community-Based Health Studies
                                                                                            2. Ecosystem Effects
                                                                                              1. Aquatic Ecosystem Impacts
                                                                                                1. Eutrophication
                                                                                                  1. Nutrient Enrichment
                                                                                                    1. Algal Blooms
                                                                                                      1. Oxygen Depletion
                                                                                                        1. Fish Kills
                                                                                                        2. Acidification
                                                                                                          1. Acid Rain Effects
                                                                                                            1. Ocean Acidification
                                                                                                              1. Effects on Aquatic Organisms
                                                                                                              2. Toxic Effects
                                                                                                                1. Acute Toxicity
                                                                                                                  1. Chronic Toxicity
                                                                                                                    1. Sublethal Effects
                                                                                                                  2. Terrestrial Ecosystem Impacts
                                                                                                                    1. Soil Contamination Effects
                                                                                                                      1. Plant Uptake
                                                                                                                        1. Soil Organism Toxicity
                                                                                                                          1. Food Chain Transfer
                                                                                                                          2. Forest Decline
                                                                                                                            1. Air Pollution Effects
                                                                                                                              1. Acid Deposition
                                                                                                                                1. Ozone Damage
                                                                                                                                2. Agricultural Impacts
                                                                                                                                  1. Crop Yield Reduction
                                                                                                                                    1. Soil Fertility Loss
                                                                                                                                      1. Pesticide Resistance
                                                                                                                                    2. Biodiversity Loss
                                                                                                                                      1. Species Extinction
                                                                                                                                        1. Population Declines
                                                                                                                                          1. Habitat Fragmentation
                                                                                                                                            1. Ecosystem Disruption
                                                                                                                                            2. Effects on Specific Organisms
                                                                                                                                              1. Plants
                                                                                                                                                1. Photosynthesis Inhibition
                                                                                                                                                  1. Growth Reduction
                                                                                                                                                    1. Visible Injury
                                                                                                                                                    2. Animals
                                                                                                                                                      1. Behavioral Changes
                                                                                                                                                        1. Reproductive Impairment
                                                                                                                                                          1. Mortality
                                                                                                                                                          2. Microorganisms
                                                                                                                                                            1. Microbial Community Changes
                                                                                                                                                              1. Biogeochemical Cycling Disruption
                                                                                                                                                          3. Effects on Materials and Infrastructure
                                                                                                                                                            1. Corrosion of Metals
                                                                                                                                                              1. Atmospheric Corrosion
                                                                                                                                                                1. Aquatic Corrosion
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Galvanic Corrosion
                                                                                                                                                                  2. Degradation of Building Materials
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Stone and Concrete Deterioration
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Paint and Coating Damage
                                                                                                                                                                        1. Polymer Degradation
                                                                                                                                                                        2. Cultural Heritage Damage
                                                                                                                                                                          1. Monument Deterioration
                                                                                                                                                                            1. Artifact Preservation
                                                                                                                                                                              1. Archaeological Site Impacts
                                                                                                                                                                              2. Economic Costs
                                                                                                                                                                                1. Maintenance and Replacement
                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Property Value Impacts
                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Infrastructure Damage
                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Global and Climate Effects
                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming
                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Radiative Forcing
                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Climate Sensitivity
                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Temperature Projections
                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Climate Change Impacts
                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Sea Level Rise
                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Extreme Weather Events
                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Ecosystem Shifts
                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Agricultural Changes
                                                                                                                                                                                                  2. Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. UV Radiation Increases
                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Health and Environmental Effects
                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Recovery Projections
                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. Aerosol Climate Effects
                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Direct Radiative Effects
                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Indirect Effects on Clouds
                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Regional Climate Impacts
                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Feedback Mechanisms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Positive Feedbacks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Negative Feedbacks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Tipping Points

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                7. Pollutant Transport and Fate

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                9. Pollution Monitoring and Analysis