Pollution Science

  1. Water Pollution
    1. Water Systems and the Hydrologic Cycle
      1. Components of the Hydrologic Cycle
        1. Evaporation and Transpiration
          1. Precipitation
            1. Surface Runoff
              1. Infiltration and Groundwater Recharge
              2. Human Impacts on the Water Cycle
                1. Water as a Universal Solvent
                  1. Polarity and Hydrogen Bonding
                    1. Dissolution Mechanisms
                      1. Factors Affecting Solubility
                    2. Surface Water Pollution
                      1. Rivers and Streams
                        1. Point Source Pollution
                          1. Non-point Source Pollution
                            1. Effects on Aquatic Ecosystems
                              1. Self-Purification Processes
                              2. Lakes and Reservoirs
                                1. Thermal Stratification
                                  1. Eutrophication Processes
                                    1. Natural Eutrophication
                                      1. Cultural Eutrophication
                                        1. Algal Blooms
                                        2. Lake Mixing and Turnover
                                        3. Estuaries and Coastal Waters
                                          1. Unique Characteristics of Estuaries
                                            1. Nutrient Loading and Hypoxia
                                              1. Dead Zones
                                                1. Saltwater Intrusion
                                                2. Marine Pollution
                                                  1. Ocean Circulation and Mixing
                                                    1. Oil Spills and Petroleum Products
                                                      1. Plastic Debris and Microplastics
                                                        1. Chemical Contamination
                                                      2. Groundwater Pollution
                                                        1. Groundwater Systems
                                                          1. Aquifer Types and Properties
                                                            1. Groundwater Flow Patterns
                                                            2. Sources of Groundwater Contamination
                                                              1. Agricultural Sources
                                                                1. Industrial Sources
                                                                  1. Municipal Sources
                                                                    1. Underground Storage Tanks
                                                                    2. Contaminant Transport in Groundwater
                                                                      1. Advection and Dispersion
                                                                        1. Sorption and Retardation
                                                                          1. Biodegradation
                                                                          2. Common Groundwater Contaminants
                                                                            1. Nitrates
                                                                              1. Volatile Organic Compounds
                                                                                1. Heavy Metals
                                                                                  1. Petroleum Products
                                                                                2. Major Water Pollutants
                                                                                  1. Pathogens and Microorganisms
                                                                                    1. Bacteria
                                                                                      1. Indicator Organisms
                                                                                        1. Pathogenic Bacteria
                                                                                        2. Viruses
                                                                                          1. Protozoa
                                                                                            1. Helminths
                                                                                            2. Oxygen-Demanding Substances
                                                                                              1. Biochemical Oxygen Demand
                                                                                                1. Chemical Oxygen Demand
                                                                                                  1. Dissolved Oxygen Depletion
                                                                                                  2. Nutrients
                                                                                                    1. Nitrogen Compounds
                                                                                                      1. Ammonia
                                                                                                        1. Nitrites and Nitrates
                                                                                                          1. Organic Nitrogen
                                                                                                          2. Phosphorus Compounds
                                                                                                            1. Orthophosphates
                                                                                                              1. Organic Phosphorus
                                                                                                            2. Suspended Solids and Sediments
                                                                                                              1. Sources and Types
                                                                                                                1. Effects on Water Quality
                                                                                                                  1. Turbidity and Light Penetration
                                                                                                                  2. Heavy Metals
                                                                                                                    1. Sources in Water Systems
                                                                                                                      1. Bioavailability and Toxicity
                                                                                                                        1. Accumulation in Sediments
                                                                                                                        2. Persistent Organic Pollutants
                                                                                                                          1. Characteristics and Properties
                                                                                                                            1. Environmental Fate
                                                                                                                              1. Bioaccumulation Potential
                                                                                                                              2. Emerging Contaminants
                                                                                                                                1. Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products
                                                                                                                                  1. Endocrine Disrupting Compounds
                                                                                                                                    1. Nanomaterials
                                                                                                                                    2. Thermal Pollution
                                                                                                                                      1. Sources of Heat Discharge
                                                                                                                                        1. Effects on Aquatic Ecosystems
                                                                                                                                          1. Thermal Shock
                                                                                                                                          2. Plastics and Microplastics
                                                                                                                                            1. Sources and Pathways
                                                                                                                                              1. Environmental Fate
                                                                                                                                                1. Ecological Impacts

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                                                                                                                                            3. Atmospheric Pollution

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                                                                                                                                            5. Soil and Land Pollution