Phycology

  1. Algal Reproduction and Life Cycles
    1. Asexual Reproduction
      1. Binary Fission
        1. Mechanism and Regulation
          1. Cell Cycle Control
          2. Zoospore Formation
            1. Structure and Release
              1. Flagellar Development
              2. Autospore and Autocolony Formation
                1. Differences and Examples
                  1. Developmental Patterns
                  2. Fragmentation
                    1. Mechanisms in Filamentous Algae
                      1. Mechanisms in Thalloid Algae
                      2. Budding
                        1. Yeast-like Reproduction
                        2. Spore Formation
                          1. Aplanospores
                            1. Hypnospores
                          2. Sexual Reproduction
                            1. Gamete Formation
                              1. Types of Gametes
                                1. Planogametes
                                  1. Aplanogametes
                                  2. Gametangia Structure
                                    1. Antheridia
                                      1. Oogonia
                                    2. Isogamy
                                      1. Definition and Examples
                                        1. Gamete Recognition
                                        2. Anisogamy
                                          1. Definition and Examples
                                            1. Size Differences
                                            2. Oogamy
                                              1. Definition and Examples
                                                1. Fertilization Mechanisms
                                                2. Pheromones and Chemical Signaling
                                                  1. Role in Gamete Attraction
                                                    1. Molecular Mechanisms
                                                      1. Species Specificity
                                                      2. Fertilization
                                                        1. Plasmogamy
                                                          1. Karyogamy
                                                            1. Zygote Formation
                                                          2. Life Cycle Patterns
                                                            1. Haplontic Life Cycle
                                                              1. Stages and Examples
                                                                1. Meiotic Division
                                                                2. Diplontic Life Cycle
                                                                  1. Stages and Examples
                                                                    1. Gametic Meiosis
                                                                    2. Haplodiplontic (Alternation of Generations)
                                                                      1. Isomorphic Alternation
                                                                        1. Definition and Examples
                                                                          1. Sporophyte-Gametophyte Similarity
                                                                          2. Heteromorphic Alternation
                                                                            1. Definition and Examples
                                                                              1. Morphological Differences
                                                                            2. Triphasic Life Cycle (in Red Algae)
                                                                              1. Gametophyte Stage
                                                                                1. Carposporophyte Stage
                                                                                  1. Tetrasporophyte Stage
                                                                                    1. Auxiliary Cells
                                                                                  2. Reproductive Timing and Environmental Cues
                                                                                    1. Seasonal Reproduction
                                                                                      1. Photoperiod Effects
                                                                                        1. Temperature Triggers
                                                                                          1. Nutrient Availability

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                                                                                        3. Algal Physiology and Biochemistry

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                                                                                        5. Algal Diversity and Taxonomy