Phycology

  1. Algal Cell Biology and Ultrastructure
    1. The Eukaryotic Algal Cell
      1. Plasma Membrane
        1. Structure and Function
          1. Membrane Composition
            1. Transport Mechanisms
            2. Cell Wall
              1. Composition Variations
                1. Cellulose
                  1. Alginates
                    1. Carrageenan
                      1. Silica
                        1. Other Polysaccharides
                        2. Functions of the Cell Wall
                          1. Cell Wall Formation and Modification
                          2. Chloroplasts (Plastids)
                            1. Structure of Chloroplasts
                              1. Endosymbiotic Origins
                                1. Primary Endosymbiosis
                                  1. Secondary Endosymbiosis
                                    1. Tertiary Endosymbiosis
                                    2. Thylakoid Arrangement
                                      1. Number of Membranes
                                        1. Stacking Patterns
                                        2. Pyrenoids
                                          1. Structure and Function
                                            1. Role in Carbon Concentration
                                            2. Plastid Inheritance
                                            3. Nucleus and Genetic Material
                                              1. Nuclear Structure
                                                1. Chromosome Organization
                                                  1. Plastid and Mitochondrial Genomes
                                                    1. Nuclear-Plastid Interactions
                                                    2. Mitochondria
                                                      1. Structure and Function
                                                        1. Variations Among Algal Groups
                                                          1. Respiratory Complexes
                                                          2. Vacuoles
                                                            1. Types of Vacuoles
                                                              1. Storage and Osmoregulation
                                                                1. Contractile Vacuoles
                                                                2. Eyespots (Stigmata)
                                                                  1. Structure
                                                                    1. Role in Phototaxis
                                                                      1. Molecular Components
                                                                      2. Ejectisomes and Trichocysts
                                                                        1. Structure and Function
                                                                          1. Occurrence in Algal Groups
                                                                            1. Discharge Mechanisms
                                                                            2. Other Organelles
                                                                              1. Peroxisomes
                                                                                1. Golgi Apparatus
                                                                                  1. Endoplasmic Reticulum
                                                                                2. The Prokaryotic Algal Cell (Cyanobacteria)
                                                                                  1. Cell Envelope Structure
                                                                                    1. Peptidoglycan Layer
                                                                                      1. Outer Membrane
                                                                                        1. Mucilaginous Sheath
                                                                                        2. Absence of Membrane-Bound Organelles
                                                                                          1. Thylakoids in Cytoplasm
                                                                                            1. Arrangement and Function
                                                                                              1. Photosynthetic Apparatus
                                                                                              2. Nucleoid
                                                                                                1. DNA Organization
                                                                                                  1. Plasmids
                                                                                                  2. Gas Vesicles
                                                                                                    1. Structure and Buoyancy Regulation
                                                                                                      1. Gas Vesicle Proteins
                                                                                                      2. Heterocysts
                                                                                                        1. Structure and Function
                                                                                                          1. Role in Nitrogen Fixation
                                                                                                            1. Development and Differentiation
                                                                                                            2. Akinetes
                                                                                                              1. Structure and Function
                                                                                                                1. Role in Survival
                                                                                                                  1. Germination
                                                                                                                  2. Carboxysomes
                                                                                                                    1. Structure and Function
                                                                                                                      1. Carbon Concentration
                                                                                                                    2. Flagellar Apparatus
                                                                                                                      1. Types of Flagella
                                                                                                                        1. Whiplash Flagella
                                                                                                                          1. Tinsel Flagella
                                                                                                                            1. Number and Position of Flagella
                                                                                                                            2. Basal Bodies
                                                                                                                              1. Structure and Arrangement
                                                                                                                                1. Centriolar Function
                                                                                                                                2. Root Systems
                                                                                                                                  1. Microtubular Roots
                                                                                                                                    1. Fibrous Roots
                                                                                                                                      1. Flagellar Transition Zone
                                                                                                                                      2. Flagellar Movement
                                                                                                                                        1. Beat Patterns
                                                                                                                                          1. Motor Proteins

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                                                                                                                                      1. Introduction to Phycology

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                                                                                                                                      3. Algal Physiology and Biochemistry