Phonetics and Phonology

  1. Articulatory Phonetics
    1. Speech Production Mechanism
      1. Respiratory System
        1. Lung Function in Speech
          1. Airflow Control
          2. Airstream Mechanisms
            1. Pulmonic Egressive
              1. Pulmonic Ingressive
                1. Glottalic Egressive
                  1. Glottalic Ingressive
                    1. Velaric Ingressive
                  2. Laryngeal System
                    1. Vocal Fold Anatomy
                      1. Phonation Types
                        1. Breathy Voice
                          1. Creaky Voice
                            1. Falsetto
                              1. Whisper
                              2. Glottal States
                                1. Voicing Control
                                  1. Aspiration
                                2. Vocal Tract Anatomy
                                  1. Articulators
                                    1. Active Articulators
                                      1. Lips
                                        1. Tongue Parts
                                          1. Lower Jaw
                                          2. Passive Articulators
                                            1. Teeth
                                              1. Alveolar Ridge
                                                1. Hard Palate
                                                  1. Soft Palate
                                                    1. Uvula
                                                      1. Pharynx Wall
                                                    2. Places of Articulation
                                                      1. Bilabial
                                                        1. Labiodental
                                                          1. Dental
                                                            1. Alveolar
                                                              1. Postalveolar
                                                                1. Retroflex
                                                                  1. Palatal
                                                                    1. Velar
                                                                      1. Uvular
                                                                        1. Pharyngeal
                                                                          1. Glottal
                                                                        2. Consonant Classification
                                                                          1. Voicing Distinction
                                                                            1. Voiced Sounds
                                                                              1. Voiceless Sounds
                                                                                1. Voice Onset Time
                                                                                2. Manner of Articulation
                                                                                  1. Stops
                                                                                    1. Oral Stops
                                                                                      1. Nasal Stops
                                                                                        1. Glottal Stop
                                                                                        2. Fricatives
                                                                                          1. Sibilants
                                                                                            1. Non-sibilants
                                                                                            2. Affricates
                                                                                              1. Approximants
                                                                                                1. Central Approximants
                                                                                                  1. Lateral Approximants
                                                                                                  2. Taps and Flaps
                                                                                                    1. Trills
                                                                                                    2. Secondary Articulations
                                                                                                      1. Labialization
                                                                                                        1. Palatalization
                                                                                                          1. Velarization
                                                                                                            1. Pharyngealization
                                                                                                              1. Aspiration
                                                                                                            2. Vowel Classification
                                                                                                              1. Vowel Dimensions
                                                                                                                1. Height
                                                                                                                  1. High Vowels
                                                                                                                    1. Mid Vowels
                                                                                                                      1. Low Vowels
                                                                                                                      2. Backness
                                                                                                                        1. Front Vowels
                                                                                                                          1. Central Vowels
                                                                                                                            1. Back Vowels
                                                                                                                            2. Rounding
                                                                                                                              1. Rounded Vowels
                                                                                                                                1. Unrounded Vowels
                                                                                                                              2. Vowel Systems
                                                                                                                                1. Cardinal Vowels
                                                                                                                                  1. Vowel Quadrilateral
                                                                                                                                    1. Language-Specific Systems
                                                                                                                                    2. Vowel Types
                                                                                                                                      1. Monophthongs
                                                                                                                                        1. Diphthongs
                                                                                                                                          1. Triphthongs
                                                                                                                                          2. Vowel Quality Features
                                                                                                                                            1. Tense vs Lax
                                                                                                                                              1. Advanced Tongue Root
                                                                                                                                                1. Nasalization
                                                                                                                                              2. Coarticulation
                                                                                                                                                1. Types of Coarticulation
                                                                                                                                                  1. Anticipatory Coarticulation
                                                                                                                                                    1. Perseverative Coarticulation
                                                                                                                                                    2. Coarticulatory Effects
                                                                                                                                                      1. Vowel-to-Vowel Effects
                                                                                                                                                        1. Consonant-Vowel Effects
                                                                                                                                                          1. Consonant-Consonant Effects
                                                                                                                                                          2. Gestural Overlap
                                                                                                                                                            1. Timing Relationships
                                                                                                                                                              1. Articulatory Coordination

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                                                                                                                                                          1. Introduction to Speech Sounds

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                                                                                                                                                          3. Acoustic Phonetics