Pharmacology

  1. Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine
    1. Genetic Basis of Drug Response
      1. Pharmacogenetic Principles
        1. Types of Genetic Variation
          1. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms
            1. Copy Number Variations
              1. Insertions and Deletions
              2. Population Differences
                1. Ethnic Variations
                  1. Geographic Distributions
                2. Pharmacokinetic Pharmacogenomics
                  1. Drug Metabolizing Enzymes
                    1. Cytochrome P450 Polymorphisms
                      1. Phase II Enzyme Variants
                        1. Clinical Implications
                        2. Drug Transporters
                          1. Uptake Transporter Variants
                            1. Efflux Transporter Variants
                              1. Clinical Consequences
                            2. Pharmacodynamic Pharmacogenomics
                              1. Drug Target Polymorphisms
                                1. Receptor Variants
                                  1. Enzyme Target Variants
                                    1. Ion Channel Variants
                                    2. Disease Susceptibility Genes
                                      1. HLA Associations
                                        1. Immune Response Genes
                                      2. Clinical Applications
                                        1. Dose Individualization
                                          1. Warfarin Dosing
                                            1. Clopidogrel Response
                                              1. Psychiatric Medications
                                              2. Adverse Reaction Prevention
                                                1. HLA-B*5701 and Abacavir
                                                  1. TPMT and Thiopurines
                                                    1. G6PD Deficiency
                                                    2. Efficacy Prediction
                                                      1. Cancer Pharmacogenomics
                                                        1. Cardiovascular Drugs
                                                          1. Infectious Disease Treatment
                                                        2. Implementation Challenges
                                                          1. Cost-Effectiveness
                                                            1. Clinical Decision Support
                                                              1. Ethical Considerations
                                                                1. Regulatory Aspects
                                                                2. Future Directions
                                                                  1. Whole Genome Sequencing
                                                                    1. Polygenic Risk Scores
                                                                      1. Artificial Intelligence Applications

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                                                                    5. Adverse Drug Reactions and Drug Safety

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                                                                    7. Autonomic Nervous System Pharmacology