Mineralogy and Petrology

  1. Physical Properties of Minerals
    1. Density and Specific Gravity
      1. Measurement Techniques
        1. Pycnometer Method
          1. Hydrostatic Weighing
            1. Heavy Liquid Separation
              1. Jolly Balance
              2. Significance in Mineral Identification
                1. Diagnostic Value
                  1. Compositional Indicators
                    1. Structural Relationships
                    2. Factors Affecting Density
                      1. Atomic Mass
                        1. Atomic Packing
                          1. Crystal Structure
                        2. Magnetism
                          1. Types of Magnetic Behavior
                            1. Ferromagnetic
                              1. Strong Attraction
                                1. Permanent Magnetization
                                2. Paramagnetic
                                  1. Weak Attraction
                                    1. Temperature Dependence
                                    2. Diamagnetic
                                      1. Weak Repulsion
                                        1. Universal Property
                                        2. Ferrimagnetic
                                          1. Moderate Attraction
                                            1. Antiparallel Alignment
                                          2. Magnetic Minerals
                                            1. Magnetite
                                              1. Pyrrhotite
                                                1. Hematite
                                                  1. Ilmenite
                                                  2. Testing Methods
                                                    1. Hand Magnet Tests
                                                      1. Magnetic Susceptibility
                                                    2. Electrical Properties
                                                      1. Conductivity
                                                        1. Metallic Conductors
                                                          1. Semiconductors
                                                            1. Insulators
                                                            2. Piezoelectricity
                                                              1. Mechanical-Electrical Coupling
                                                                1. Quartz Applications
                                                                2. Pyroelectricity
                                                                  1. Temperature-Induced Charges
                                                                    1. Tourmaline Examples
                                                                  2. Other Properties
                                                                    1. Taste
                                                                      1. Halite Recognition
                                                                        1. Safety Considerations
                                                                        2. Odor
                                                                          1. Sulfur Compounds
                                                                            1. Arsenic Minerals
                                                                            2. Feel
                                                                              1. Greasy Feel
                                                                                1. Soapy Texture
                                                                                  1. Rough Surfaces
                                                                                  2. Reaction to Acid
                                                                                    1. Effervescence Test
                                                                                      1. Carbonate Identification
                                                                                        1. HCl Testing
                                                                                          1. Safety Procedures
                                                                                          2. Dissolution Reactions
                                                                                            1. Staining Tests

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                                                                                        3. Mineral Chemistry

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                                                                                        5. Optical Mineralogy