Mineralogy and Petrology

  1. Metamorphic Petrology
    1. Agents of Metamorphism
      1. Heat
        1. Sources of Heat
          1. Geothermal Gradient
            1. Magmatic Intrusions
              1. Radioactive Decay
                1. Friction
                2. Temperature Effects
                  1. Recrystallization
                    1. Phase Transitions
                      1. Reaction Kinetics
                    2. Pressure
                      1. Lithostatic Pressure
                        1. Confining Pressure
                          1. Depth Relationships
                            1. Isotropic Stress
                            2. Directed Stress
                              1. Differential Stress
                                1. Tectonic Forces
                                  1. Anisotropic Stress
                                  2. Pressure Effects
                                    1. Volume Changes
                                      1. Density Increases
                                        1. Phase Stability
                                      2. Chemically Active Fluids
                                        1. Sources of Fluids
                                          1. Dehydration Reactions
                                            1. Magmatic Fluids
                                              1. Meteoric Water
                                                1. Connate Water
                                                2. Role in Metamorphism
                                                  1. Ion Transport
                                                    1. Reaction Catalysis
                                                      1. Phase Stability Changes
                                                      2. Fluid Composition
                                                        1. Aqueous Solutions
                                                          1. CO2-rich Fluids
                                                            1. Saline Brines
                                                        2. Metamorphic Textures
                                                          1. Foliated Textures
                                                            1. Slaty Cleavage
                                                              1. Parallel Mineral Alignment
                                                                1. Fine-grained Texture
                                                                  1. Planar Fabric
                                                                  2. Phyllitic Texture
                                                                    1. Silky Luster
                                                                      1. Visible Mica Crystals
                                                                        1. Crenulation Cleavage
                                                                        2. Schistosity
                                                                          1. Coarse-grained Foliation
                                                                            1. Mineral Segregation
                                                                              1. Preferred Orientation
                                                                              2. Gneissic Banding
                                                                                1. Compositional Layering
                                                                                  1. Light and Dark Bands
                                                                                    1. Migmatitic Textures
                                                                                  2. Non-Foliated Textures
                                                                                    1. Granoblastic Texture
                                                                                      1. Equigranular Crystals
                                                                                        1. Polygonal Grain Boundaries
                                                                                          1. Isotropic Stress Conditions
                                                                                          2. Hornfelsic Texture
                                                                                            1. Fine-grained Texture
                                                                                              1. Contact Metamorphism
                                                                                                1. Random Orientation
                                                                                                2. Porphyroblastic Texture
                                                                                                  1. Large Crystals in Matrix
                                                                                                    1. Metamorphic Porphyroblasts
                                                                                                      1. Growth Relationships
                                                                                                  2. Metamorphic Grade
                                                                                                    1. Low Grade Metamorphism
                                                                                                      1. Temperature Range
                                                                                                        1. Mineral Assemblages
                                                                                                          1. Textural Characteristics
                                                                                                          2. Medium Grade Metamorphism
                                                                                                            1. Intermediate Conditions
                                                                                                              1. Transitional Assemblages
                                                                                                                1. Garnet Zone
                                                                                                                2. High Grade Metamorphism
                                                                                                                  1. High Temperature Conditions
                                                                                                                    1. Anhydrous Assemblages
                                                                                                                      1. Partial Melting
                                                                                                                      2. Index Minerals and Grade
                                                                                                                        1. Progressive Metamorphism
                                                                                                                          1. Isograds
                                                                                                                            1. Metamorphic Zones
                                                                                                                              1. Barrovian Sequence
                                                                                                                                1. Chlorite Zone
                                                                                                                                  1. Biotite Zone
                                                                                                                                    1. Garnet Zone
                                                                                                                                      1. Staurolite Zone
                                                                                                                                        1. Kyanite Zone
                                                                                                                                          1. Sillimanite Zone
                                                                                                                                      2. Metamorphic Facies
                                                                                                                                        1. Concept of Metamorphic Facies
                                                                                                                                          1. Pressure-Temperature Fields
                                                                                                                                            1. Characteristic Assemblages
                                                                                                                                              1. Facies Boundaries
                                                                                                                                              2. Common Metamorphic Facies
                                                                                                                                                1. Zeolite Facies
                                                                                                                                                  1. Very Low Grade
                                                                                                                                                    1. Zeolite Minerals
                                                                                                                                                    2. Prehnite-Pumpellyite Facies
                                                                                                                                                      1. Low Temperature
                                                                                                                                                        1. High Pressure
                                                                                                                                                        2. Greenschist Facies
                                                                                                                                                          1. Low to Medium Grade
                                                                                                                                                            1. Chlorite and Actinolite
                                                                                                                                                            2. Amphibolite Facies
                                                                                                                                                              1. Medium to High Grade
                                                                                                                                                                1. Hornblende Stable
                                                                                                                                                                2. Granulite Facies
                                                                                                                                                                  1. High Temperature
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Anhydrous Conditions
                                                                                                                                                                    2. Blueschist Facies
                                                                                                                                                                      1. High Pressure, Low Temperature
                                                                                                                                                                        1. Glaucophane Present
                                                                                                                                                                        2. Eclogite Facies
                                                                                                                                                                          1. Very High Pressure
                                                                                                                                                                            1. Omphacite and Garnet
                                                                                                                                                                          2. Facies Series
                                                                                                                                                                            1. Barrovian Facies Series
                                                                                                                                                                              1. Buchan Facies Series
                                                                                                                                                                                1. Paired Metamorphic Belts
                                                                                                                                                                              2. Types of Metamorphism
                                                                                                                                                                                1. Contact Metamorphism
                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Thermal Aureoles
                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Hornfels Formation
                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Skarn Development
                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Regional Metamorphism
                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Orogenic Belts
                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Large-Scale Deformation
                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Pressure-Temperature Paths
                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Metamorphic Core Complexes
                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Dynamic Metamorphism
                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Fault Zone Metamorphism
                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Mylonite Formation
                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Cataclastic Textures
                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Hydrothermal Metamorphism
                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Fluid-Rock Interaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Alteration Zones
                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Metasomatism
                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Burial Metamorphism
                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Deep Sedimentary Basins
                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Diagenesis to Metamorphism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Low Temperature Conditions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Shock Metamorphism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Impact Metamorphism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. High-Pressure Phases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Shatter Cones
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Classification of Metamorphic Rocks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Foliated Rocks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Slate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Fine-grained Texture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Excellent Cleavage
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Low Grade Metamorphism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Phyllite
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Silky Luster
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Visible Mica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Intermediate Grade
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Schist
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Coarse Foliation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Mineral Segregation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Medium Grade
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Varieties by Mineral Content
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Mica Schist
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Chlorite Schist
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Garnet Schist
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Gneiss
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Compositional Banding
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. High Grade Metamorphism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Varieties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Orthogneiss
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Paragneiss
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Non-Foliated Rocks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Marble
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Metamorphosed Limestone
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Calcite or Dolomite
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Granoblastic Texture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Quartzite
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Metamorphosed Sandstone
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Quartz-rich Composition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Vitreous Luster
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Hornfels
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Contact Metamorphism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Fine-grained Texture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Thermal Aureoles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Anthracite
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. High-rank Coal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Metamorphosed Bituminous Coal

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        11. Petrogenesis and Plate Tectonics