Mineral Economics

12.

Mine Closure Economics

12.1.

Closure Planning

12.1.1.

Closure Objectives

12.1.2.

Closure Standards

12.1.3.

Closure Timeline

12.1.4.

Stakeholder Involvement

12.2.

Closure Cost Estimation

12.2.1.

Decommissioning Costs

12.2.2.

Rehabilitation Costs

12.2.3.

Monitoring Costs

12.2.4.

Contingency Planning

12.3.

Financial Assurance

12.3.1.

Bonding Requirements

12.3.2.

12.3.3.

Insurance Products

12.3.4.

12.4.

Post-closure Economics

12.4.1.

Long-term Monitoring

12.4.2.

Maintenance Costs

12.4.3.

Liability Management

12.4.4.

Asset Residual Value

12.5.

Economic Transition

12.5.1.

Community Development

12.5.2.

Economic Diversification

12.5.3.

Skills Transfer

12.5.4.

Infrastructure Legacy

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11. Environmental and Social Economics

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1. Introduction to Mineral Economics