Mineral Economics

  1. Environmental and Social Economics
    1. Environmental Externalities
      1. Air Pollution
        1. Water Pollution
          1. Land Disturbance
            1. Biodiversity Loss
              1. Climate Change
              2. Social Externalities
                1. Employment Effects
                  1. Community Displacement
                    1. Cultural Impacts
                      1. Health Effects
                      2. Environmental Valuation
                        1. Cost-Benefit Analysis
                          1. Contingent Valuation
                            1. Travel Cost Method
                              1. Hedonic Pricing
                              2. Environmental Regulations
                                1. Environmental Impact Assessment
                                  1. Permitting Requirements
                                    1. Compliance Costs
                                      1. Enforcement Mechanisms
                                      2. Corporate Social Responsibility
                                        1. CSR Frameworks
                                          1. Stakeholder Engagement
                                            1. Sustainability Reporting
                                              1. ESG Investing
                                              2. Social License to Operate
                                                1. Community Relations
                                                  1. Indigenous Rights
                                                    1. Benefit Sharing
                                                      1. Grievance Mechanisms
                                                      2. Sustainable Development
                                                        1. Triple Bottom Line
                                                          1. Circular Economy
                                                            1. Resource Efficiency

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                                                          10. Government Policy and Mineral Resources

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                                                          12. Mine Closure Economics