Mineral Economics

  1. Government Policy and Mineral Resources
    1. Mineral Rights Systems
      1. Concession Systems
        1. Claim Systems
          1. Licensing Procedures
            1. Tenure Security
            2. Mining Taxation
              1. Royalty Systems
                1. Ad Valorem Royalties
                  1. Specific Royalties
                    1. Profit-based Royalties
                      1. Progressive Royalties
                      2. Corporate Income Tax
                        1. Tax Rates
                          1. Depreciation Allowances
                            1. Loss Carry-forward
                            2. Resource Rent Taxes
                              1. Economic Rent Theory
                                1. Tax Design
                                2. Withholding Taxes
                                  1. Import and Export Duties
                                  2. Fiscal Regime Design
                                    1. Government Take
                                      1. Progressivity
                                        1. Neutrality
                                          1. Simplicity
                                          2. State Participation
                                            1. State-owned Enterprises
                                              1. Joint Ventures
                                                1. Carried Interest
                                                  1. Free Equity
                                                  2. Investment Promotion
                                                    1. Tax Incentives
                                                      1. Investment Guarantees
                                                        1. Infrastructure Support
                                                        2. Trade Policy
                                                          1. Export Controls
                                                            1. Import Restrictions
                                                              1. Trade Agreements
                                                                1. Strategic Materials

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                                                              9. Mineral Markets and Commodity Pricing

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                                                              11. Environmental and Social Economics