Microprocessors and Embedded Systems

  1. Input/Output Systems
    1. I/O Organization
      1. I/O Addressing Methods
        1. Memory-Mapped I/O
          1. Port-Mapped I/O
            1. Hybrid Addressing
            2. I/O Port Structure
              1. Input Ports
                1. Output Ports
                  1. Bidirectional Ports
                2. Data Transfer Techniques
                  1. Programmed I/O
                    1. Polling Method
                      1. Status Checking
                        1. Busy Waiting
                        2. Interrupt-Driven I/O
                          1. Interrupt Mechanism
                            1. Interrupt Service Routines
                              1. Interrupt Vector Tables
                                1. Interrupt Priority Systems
                                  1. Nested Interrupts
                                  2. Direct Memory Access
                                    1. DMA Controller
                                      1. DMA Transfer Modes
                                        1. DMA Arbitration
                                          1. DMA Applications
                                        2. Interrupt Systems
                                          1. Interrupt Types
                                            1. Hardware Interrupts
                                              1. Software Interrupts
                                                1. Maskable Interrupts
                                                  1. Non-Maskable Interrupts
                                                  2. Interrupt Processing
                                                    1. Interrupt Recognition
                                                      1. Context Switching
                                                        1. Interrupt Latency
                                                        2. Interrupt Controller
                                                          1. Programmable Interrupt Controller
                                                            1. Interrupt Masking
                                                              1. Priority Resolution

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                                                          5. Memory Systems

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                                                          7. Embedded Programming Fundamentals