Marine Biology

  1. Major Marine Ecosystems
    1. Coastal Ecosystems
      1. The Intertidal Zone
        1. Rocky Shores
          1. Zonation Patterns
            1. Adaptations to Exposure
              1. Wave Action Effects
                1. Predation Patterns
                2. Sandy Beaches
                  1. Burrowing Organisms
                    1. Dynamic Substrate
                      1. Surf Zone Ecology
                      2. Mudflats
                        1. Infaunal Communities
                          1. Bioturbation
                            1. Nutrient Cycling
                          2. Estuaries
                            1. Salinity Gradients
                              1. Mixing Processes
                                1. Nursery Habitats
                                  1. Productivity Patterns
                                  2. Salt Marshes
                                    1. Vegetation Zonation
                                      1. Tidal Influences
                                        1. Nutrient Cycling
                                          1. Bird Habitat
                                          2. Mangrove Forests
                                            1. Root Systems
                                              1. Sediment Stabilization
                                                1. Juvenile Fish Habitat
                                                  1. Carbon Storage
                                                2. Continental Shelf Ecosystems
                                                  1. Seagrass Beds
                                                    1. Seagrass Species
                                                      1. Biodiversity Support
                                                        1. Sediment Stabilization
                                                          1. Carbon Sequestration
                                                          2. Kelp Forests
                                                            1. Kelp Biology
                                                              1. Forest Structure
                                                                1. Associated Fauna
                                                                  1. Productivity and Growth
                                                                  2. Coral Reefs
                                                                    1. Reef Types
                                                                      1. Fringing Reefs
                                                                        1. Barrier Reefs
                                                                          1. Atoll Reefs
                                                                          2. Coral Biology
                                                                            1. Coral Anatomy
                                                                              1. Zooxanthellae Symbiosis
                                                                                1. Calcification
                                                                                2. Reef Zonation
                                                                                  1. Reef Crest
                                                                                    1. Fore Reef
                                                                                      1. Back Reef
                                                                                      2. Reef Biodiversity
                                                                                        1. Fish Communities
                                                                                          1. Invertebrate Diversity
                                                                                            1. Keystone Species
                                                                                        2. The Open Ocean
                                                                                          1. Epipelagic Zone
                                                                                            1. Planktonic Communities
                                                                                              1. Phytoplankton Distribution
                                                                                                1. Zooplankton Diversity
                                                                                                2. Nektonic Organisms
                                                                                                  1. Fish Communities
                                                                                                    1. Marine Mammals
                                                                                                  2. Mesopelagic Zone
                                                                                                    1. Vertical Migration
                                                                                                      1. Diel Vertical Migration
                                                                                                        1. Migration Patterns
                                                                                                        2. Adaptations to Low Light
                                                                                                          1. Bioluminescence
                                                                                                            1. Large Eyes
                                                                                                          2. Bathypelagic Zone
                                                                                                            1. Deep-Sea Adaptations
                                                                                                              1. Food Scarcity
                                                                                                                1. Pressure Adaptations
                                                                                                                2. Abyssopelagic Zone
                                                                                                                  1. Extreme Conditions
                                                                                                                    1. Specialized Fauna
                                                                                                                    2. Hadopelagic Zone
                                                                                                                      1. Trench Environments
                                                                                                                        1. Unique Adaptations
                                                                                                                      2. The Deep Sea
                                                                                                                        1. Life on the Abyssal Plain
                                                                                                                          1. Sediment Communities
                                                                                                                            1. Food Supply Patterns
                                                                                                                              1. Bioturbation
                                                                                                                                1. Benthic Fauna
                                                                                                                                2. Hydrothermal Vents
                                                                                                                                  1. Vent Formation
                                                                                                                                    1. Chemosynthetic Communities
                                                                                                                                      1. Unique Fauna
                                                                                                                                        1. Tube Worms
                                                                                                                                          1. Vent Crabs
                                                                                                                                            1. Vent Fish
                                                                                                                                            2. Succession Patterns
                                                                                                                                            3. Cold Seeps
                                                                                                                                              1. Methane Seeps
                                                                                                                                                1. Sulfide Utilization
                                                                                                                                                  1. Seep Communities
                                                                                                                                                  2. Seamounts
                                                                                                                                                    1. Seamount Formation
                                                                                                                                                      1. Biodiversity Hotspots
                                                                                                                                                        1. Endemic Species
                                                                                                                                                          1. Deep-Sea Corals
                                                                                                                                                          2. Deep-Sea Corals
                                                                                                                                                            1. Cold-Water Corals
                                                                                                                                                              1. Coral Gardens
                                                                                                                                                                1. Associated Fauna
                                                                                                                                                              2. Polar Ecosystems
                                                                                                                                                                1. The Arctic Ocean
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Sea Ice Dynamics
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Ice Formation
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Seasonal Cycles
                                                                                                                                                                      2. Arctic Food Webs
                                                                                                                                                                        1. Ice-Associated Algae
                                                                                                                                                                          1. Arctic Cod
                                                                                                                                                                            1. Marine Mammals
                                                                                                                                                                          2. The Antarctic Ocean
                                                                                                                                                                            1. Krill Populations
                                                                                                                                                                              1. Primary Production
                                                                                                                                                                                1. Antarctic Food Webs
                                                                                                                                                                                2. Sea Ice Ecology
                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Ice-Associated Organisms
                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Algal Communities
                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Ice Fauna

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                                                                                                                                                                                  5. Marine Ecology

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                                                                                                                                                                                  7. Human Impacts and Marine Conservation