Marine Biology

  1. Marine Ecology
    1. Fundamental Ecological Concepts
      1. Populations Communities and Ecosystems
        1. Population Dynamics
          1. Community Structure
            1. Ecosystem Function
            2. Niche Concept
              1. Fundamental Niche
                1. Realized Niche
                  1. Niche Partitioning
                  2. Biotic and Abiotic Factors
                    1. Limiting Factors
                      1. Environmental Gradients
                        1. Habitat Requirements
                      2. Interactions Among Organisms
                        1. Competition
                          1. Intraspecific Competition
                            1. Interspecific Competition
                              1. Resource Competition
                                1. Interference Competition
                                2. Predation
                                  1. Predator-Prey Dynamics
                                    1. Predation Pressure
                                      1. Anti-Predator Adaptations
                                      2. Symbiosis
                                        1. Mutualism
                                          1. Cleaning Symbiosis
                                            1. Nutritional Mutualism
                                            2. Commensalism
                                              1. Examples and Benefits
                                              2. Parasitism
                                                1. Host-Parasite Relationships
                                                  1. Parasite Life Cycles
                                              3. Marine Food Webs and Energy Flow
                                                1. Primary Production
                                                  1. Photosynthesis
                                                    1. Light-Dependent Reactions
                                                      1. Carbon Fixation
                                                      2. Chemosynthesis
                                                        1. Chemosynthetic Pathways
                                                          1. Energy Sources
                                                        2. Trophic Levels
                                                          1. Producers
                                                            1. Primary Consumers
                                                              1. Secondary Consumers
                                                                1. Tertiary Consumers
                                                                  1. Decomposers
                                                                  2. Ecological Pyramids
                                                                    1. Energy Pyramids
                                                                      1. Biomass Pyramids
                                                                        1. Numbers Pyramids
                                                                        2. The Microbial Loop
                                                                          1. Bacterial Production
                                                                            1. Protozoan Grazing
                                                                              1. Nutrient Regeneration
                                                                            2. Biogeochemical Cycles
                                                                              1. The Carbon Cycle
                                                                                1. Carbon Fixation
                                                                                  1. Carbon Sequestration
                                                                                    1. Ocean-Atmosphere Exchange
                                                                                      1. Carbonate Chemistry
                                                                                      2. The Nitrogen Cycle
                                                                                        1. Nitrogen Fixation
                                                                                          1. Nitrification
                                                                                            1. Denitrification
                                                                                              1. Nitrogen Limitation
                                                                                              2. The Phosphorus Cycle
                                                                                                1. Phosphorus Sources
                                                                                                  1. Phosphorus Sinks
                                                                                                    1. Phosphorus Limitation
                                                                                                    2. The Silicon Cycle
                                                                                                      1. Silicate Weathering
                                                                                                        1. Diatom Utilization
                                                                                                          1. Silica Dissolution

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                                                                                                      4. Adaptations of Marine Organisms

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                                                                                                      6. Major Marine Ecosystems