Mammalogy

  1. Conservation and Management
    1. Threats to Mammalian Diversity
      1. Habitat Loss
        1. Deforestation
          1. Tropical Forest Loss
            1. Temperate Forest Clearing
            2. Urbanization
              1. Urban Sprawl
                1. Infrastructure Development
                2. Agricultural Expansion
                  1. Crop Production
                    1. Livestock Grazing
                  2. Habitat Fragmentation
                    1. Edge Effects
                      1. Microclimate Changes
                        1. Increased Predation
                        2. Connectivity Loss
                          1. Corridor Disruption
                            1. Population Isolation
                            2. Patch Size Effects
                              1. Minimum Viable Populations
                                1. Area-Sensitive Species
                              2. Overexploitation
                                1. Hunting
                                  1. Subsistence Hunting
                                    1. Commercial Hunting
                                      1. Trophy Hunting
                                      2. Trade in Wildlife Products
                                        1. Illegal Wildlife Trade
                                          1. Traditional Medicine
                                            1. Luxury Goods
                                          2. Invasive Species
                                            1. Competition
                                              1. Resource Competition
                                                1. Niche Overlap
                                                2. Predation
                                                  1. Novel Predators
                                                    1. Naive Prey
                                                    2. Disease Introduction
                                                      1. Pathogen Transmission
                                                        1. Immune System Challenges
                                                      2. Pollution
                                                        1. Chemical Contaminants
                                                          1. Pesticides
                                                            1. Heavy Metals
                                                              1. Industrial Chemicals
                                                              2. Plastic Pollution
                                                                1. Microplastics
                                                                  1. Entanglement
                                                                  2. Noise Pollution
                                                                    1. Acoustic Interference
                                                                      1. Behavioral Disruption
                                                                    2. Climate Change
                                                                      1. Range Shifts
                                                                        1. Latitudinal Shifts
                                                                          1. Altitudinal Shifts
                                                                          2. Phenological Changes
                                                                            1. Breeding Timing
                                                                              1. Migration Timing
                                                                              2. Extreme Weather Events
                                                                                1. Droughts
                                                                                  1. Floods
                                                                                    1. Heat Waves
                                                                                  2. Disease
                                                                                    1. Emerging Infectious Diseases
                                                                                      1. Viral Diseases
                                                                                        1. Bacterial Diseases
                                                                                          1. Fungal Diseases
                                                                                          2. Zoonoses
                                                                                            1. Wildlife-Human Disease Transmission
                                                                                              1. Domestic Animal Reservoirs
                                                                                          3. Conservation Status and Assessment
                                                                                            1. IUCN Red List Categories
                                                                                              1. Extinct
                                                                                                1. Extinct in the Wild
                                                                                                  1. Critically Endangered
                                                                                                    1. Endangered
                                                                                                      1. Vulnerable
                                                                                                        1. Near Threatened
                                                                                                          1. Least Concern
                                                                                                            1. Data Deficient
                                                                                                            2. Criteria for Assessment
                                                                                                              1. Range Size
                                                                                                                1. Extent of Occurrence
                                                                                                                  1. Area of Occupancy
                                                                                                                  2. Threats
                                                                                                                    1. Threat Severity
                                                                                                                      1. Threat Timing
                                                                                                                  3. Conservation Strategies
                                                                                                                    1. Protected Areas
                                                                                                                      1. National Parks
                                                                                                                        1. Ecosystem Protection
                                                                                                                          1. Tourism Benefits
                                                                                                                          2. Wildlife Reserves
                                                                                                                            1. Species-Specific Protection
                                                                                                                              1. Habitat Management
                                                                                                                              2. Marine Protected Areas
                                                                                                                                1. Aquatic Mammal Protection
                                                                                                                                  1. Ecosystem Services
                                                                                                                                2. Habitat Restoration
                                                                                                                                  1. Reforestation
                                                                                                                                    1. Native Species Planting
                                                                                                                                      1. Natural Regeneration
                                                                                                                                      2. Wetland Restoration
                                                                                                                                        1. Hydrology Restoration
                                                                                                                                          1. Vegetation Establishment
                                                                                                                                          2. Grassland Restoration
                                                                                                                                            1. Fire Management
                                                                                                                                              1. Grazing Management
                                                                                                                                            2. Species Reintroduction
                                                                                                                                              1. Translocation
                                                                                                                                                1. Source Population Selection
                                                                                                                                                  1. Release Site Preparation
                                                                                                                                                  2. Rewilding
                                                                                                                                                    1. Ecosystem Restoration
                                                                                                                                                      1. Trophic Rewilding
                                                                                                                                                      2. Success Factors
                                                                                                                                                        1. Habitat Quality
                                                                                                                                                          1. Population Size
                                                                                                                                                            1. Genetic Diversity
                                                                                                                                                          2. Captive Breeding Programs
                                                                                                                                                            1. Genetic Management
                                                                                                                                                              1. Breeding Plans
                                                                                                                                                                1. Genetic Diversity Maintenance
                                                                                                                                                                2. Release Protocols
                                                                                                                                                                  1. Pre-Release Training
                                                                                                                                                                    1. Soft Release Methods
                                                                                                                                                                    2. Zoo Conservation
                                                                                                                                                                      1. Ex-Situ Conservation
                                                                                                                                                                        1. Education Programs
                                                                                                                                                                      2. Conservation Genetics
                                                                                                                                                                        1. Genetic Diversity
                                                                                                                                                                          1. Heterozygosity
                                                                                                                                                                            1. Allelic Richness
                                                                                                                                                                            2. Inbreeding Avoidance
                                                                                                                                                                              1. Outbreeding Programs
                                                                                                                                                                                1. Genetic Rescue
                                                                                                                                                                                2. Population Genetics
                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Gene Flow
                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Genetic Drift
                                                                                                                                                                                3. Wildlife Management
                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Population Monitoring
                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Census Techniques
                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Total Counts
                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Sample Counts
                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Distance Sampling
                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Mark-Recapture Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Lincoln-Petersen Estimator
                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Jolly-Seber Models
                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Remote Sensing
                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Satellite Imagery
                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Aerial Surveys
                                                                                                                                                                                                2. Sustainable Harvesting
                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Quotas
                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Maximum Sustainable Yield
                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Precautionary Approach
                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Adaptive Management
                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Monitoring and Adjustment
                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Uncertainty Management
                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Community-Based Management
                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. Local Participation
                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Traditional Knowledge
                                                                                                                                                                                                            2. Human-Wildlife Conflict Resolution
                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. Mitigation Strategies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                1. Physical Barriers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. Deterrent Methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. Compensation Programs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2. Community Engagement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. Stakeholder Involvement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. Education Programs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. Alternative Livelihoods

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                    6. Ecology and Biogeography

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                    8. Methods in Mammalogy