Mammalogy

  1. Mammalian Evolution and Systematics
    1. Origins of Mammals
      1. Synapsid Ancestry
        1. Characteristics of Synapsids
          1. Distinction from Other Amniotes
          2. Cynodonts
            1. Key Features
              1. Transitional Fossils
              2. Transition to Early Mammals in the Mesozoic Era
                1. Morphological Innovations
                  1. Fossil Evidence
                    1. Ecological Context
                  2. Mammalian Phylogeny
                    1. Principles of Taxonomy and Systematics
                      1. Hierarchical Classification
                        1. Nomenclature Rules
                        2. Morphological Phylogenetics
                          1. Use of Physical Traits
                            1. Limitations and Challenges
                            2. Molecular Phylogenetics
                              1. DNA Sequencing Methods
                                1. Molecular Clocks
                                  1. Resolving Phylogenetic Relationships
                                2. Classification of Mammals
                                  1. Subclass Prototheria
                                    1. Order Monotremata
                                      1. Family Ornithorhynchidae
                                        1. Family Tachyglossidae
                                      2. Subclass Theria
                                        1. Infraclass Metatheria
                                          1. Order Didelphimorphia
                                            1. Family Didelphidae
                                            2. Order Paucituberculata
                                              1. Family Caenolestidae
                                              2. Order Microbiotheria
                                                1. Family Microbiotheriidae
                                                2. Order Notoryctemorphia
                                                  1. Family Notoryctidae
                                                  2. Order Dasyuromorphia
                                                    1. Family Dasyuridae
                                                      1. Family Thylacinidae
                                                      2. Order Peramelemorphia
                                                        1. Family Peramelidae
                                                          1. Family Thylacomyidae
                                                          2. Order Diprotodontia
                                                            1. Family Macropodidae
                                                              1. Family Phascolarctidae
                                                                1. Family Vombatidae
                                                                  1. Family Phalangeridae
                                                                    1. Family Petauridae
                                                                      1. Family Pseudocheiridae
                                                                        1. Family Tarsipedidae
                                                                          1. Family Acrobatidae
                                                                        2. Infraclass Eutheria
                                                                          1. Superorder Afrotheria
                                                                            1. Order Proboscidea
                                                                              1. Order Sirenia
                                                                                1. Order Tubulidentata
                                                                                  1. Order Macroscelidea
                                                                                    1. Order Afrosoricida
                                                                                      1. Order Hyracoidea
                                                                                      2. Superorder Xenarthra
                                                                                        1. Order Cingulata
                                                                                          1. Order Pilosa
                                                                                          2. Superorder Euarchontoglires
                                                                                            1. Order Rodentia
                                                                                              1. Order Lagomorpha
                                                                                                1. Order Primates
                                                                                                  1. Order Dermoptera
                                                                                                    1. Order Scandentia
                                                                                                    2. Superorder Laurasiatheria
                                                                                                      1. Order Carnivora
                                                                                                        1. Order Chiroptera
                                                                                                          1. Order Perissodactyla
                                                                                                            1. Order Cetartiodactyla
                                                                                                              1. Order Eulipotyphla
                                                                                                                1. Order Pholidota
                                                                                                          2. Major Evolutionary Radiations
                                                                                                            1. Cenozoic Era
                                                                                                              1. Diversification after Dinosaur Extinction
                                                                                                                1. Major Lineages and Adaptive Zones
                                                                                                                2. Adaptive Radiation on Continents and Islands
                                                                                                                  1. Island Endemism
                                                                                                                    1. Convergent Evolution
                                                                                                                      1. Examples of Adaptive Radiation