Macroeconomics of Climate Change

  1. International Macroeconomic Dimensions
    1. Global Coordination and Climate Agreements
      1. The Paris Agreement
        1. Goals and Commitments
          1. Monitoring and Reporting Mechanisms
            1. Ratcheting Mechanisms
            2. Nationally Determined Contributions
              1. Design and Ambition
                1. Implementation Challenges
                  1. International Cooperation
                  2. Article 6 Mechanisms
                    1. International Carbon Markets
                      1. Cooperative Approaches
                        1. Sustainable Development Mechanism
                      2. Carbon Leakage and Competitiveness
                        1. Definition and Measurement
                          1. Emissions Shifting
                            1. Quantification Methods
                              1. Empirical Evidence
                              2. Policy Responses
                                1. Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanisms
                                  1. Design and Implementation
                                    1. Trade Law Considerations
                                      1. Developing Country Impacts
                                      2. International Climate Clubs
                                        1. Membership Criteria
                                          1. Enforcement Mechanisms
                                            1. Technology Cooperation
                                          2. Trade Policy and Climate
                                            1. Environmental Goods and Services
                                              1. Fossil Fuel Trade
                                                1. Supply Chain Decarbonization
                                              2. International Financial Flows
                                                1. Climate Finance for Developing Countries
                                                  1. Funding Mechanisms
                                                    1. Allocation and Access
                                                      1. Measurement and Reporting
                                                      2. Role of International Financial Institutions
                                                        1. World Bank
                                                          1. Project Financing
                                                            1. Technical Assistance
                                                              1. Policy Lending
                                                              2. International Monetary Fund
                                                                1. Policy Advice
                                                                  1. Financial Support Instruments
                                                                    1. Surveillance Activities
                                                                    2. Regional Development Banks
                                                                      1. Green Investment Programs
                                                                        1. Capacity Building
                                                                          1. Risk Mitigation
                                                                        2. Debt-for-Climate Swaps
                                                                          1. Structure and Implementation
                                                                            1. Benefits and Challenges
                                                                              1. Scaling Potential
                                                                              2. Private Climate Finance
                                                                                1. Foreign Direct Investment
                                                                                  1. Portfolio Investment
                                                                                    1. Blended Finance Mechanisms
                                                                                  2. Exchange Rates and Climate Policy
                                                                                    1. Climate Policy Effects on Exchange Rates
                                                                                      1. Competitiveness and Currency Misalignment
                                                                                        1. Petrocurrency Dynamics

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                                                                                      7. Monetary Policy and Financial Regulation

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                                                                                      9. Long-Term Growth, Development, and Sustainability