Health Economics (Healthcare Economics and Innovation)

  1. The Supply of Healthcare Services
    1. Healthcare Labor Markets
      1. Physician Labor Market
        1. Medical Education and Training
          1. Licensing and Certification
            1. Specialization Decisions
              1. Geographic Distribution
                1. International Medical Graduates
                2. Nursing Labor Market
                  1. Education and Training Pathways
                    1. Nursing Shortages
                      1. Scope of Practice Issues
                      2. Other Healthcare Professionals
                        1. Allied Health Workers
                          1. Pharmacists
                            1. Mental Health Professionals
                          2. Physician Behavior and Payment Systems
                            1. Physician as Perfect Agent
                              1. Supplier-Induced Demand
                                1. Theoretical Models
                                  1. Empirical Evidence
                                    1. Policy Implications
                                    2. Payment Methods
                                      1. Fee-for-Service
                                        1. Incentive Effects
                                          1. Volume and Intensity Responses
                                          2. Capitation
                                            1. Risk-Sharing
                                              1. Selection Effects
                                              2. Salary
                                                1. Productivity Effects
                                                  1. Quality Implications
                                                  2. Pay-for-Performance
                                                    1. Quality Metrics
                                                      1. Unintended Consequences
                                                    2. Physician Practice Organization
                                                      1. Solo Practice
                                                        1. Group Practice
                                                          1. Hospital Employment
                                                            1. Accountable Care Organizations
                                                          2. Hospital Markets and Behavior
                                                            1. Hospital Objectives
                                                              1. Profit Maximization
                                                                1. Quality Maximization
                                                                  1. Quantity Maximization
                                                                    1. Utility Maximization Models
                                                                    2. Hospital Ownership Types
                                                                      1. For-Profit Hospitals
                                                                        1. Not-for-Profit Hospitals
                                                                          1. Public Hospitals
                                                                            1. Ownership and Performance
                                                                            2. Hospital Competition
                                                                              1. Market Structure
                                                                                1. Concentration Measures
                                                                                  1. Competition on Price vs. Quality
                                                                                    1. Hospital Mergers and Acquisitions
                                                                                    2. Hospital Production and Costs
                                                                                      1. Hospital Output Measurement
                                                                                        1. Cost Functions
                                                                                          1. Economies of Scale
                                                                                            1. Economies of Scope
                                                                                              1. Case Mix and Severity Adjustment
                                                                                            2. Long-Term Care Markets
                                                                                              1. Nursing Home Industry
                                                                                                1. Market Structure
                                                                                                  1. Quality of Care Issues
                                                                                                    1. Regulation and Oversight
                                                                                                    2. Home Healthcare Services
                                                                                                      1. Service Categories
                                                                                                        1. Market Growth
                                                                                                          1. Quality and Outcomes
                                                                                                          2. Assisted Living Facilities
                                                                                                            1. Adult Day Care Services
                                                                                                              1. Informal Caregiving
                                                                                                                1. Economic Value
                                                                                                                  1. Caregiver Burden
                                                                                                                    1. Policy Support

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                                                                                                                2. The Demand for Health and Healthcare

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                                                                                                                4. Health Insurance Markets and Design